The History of Deodorants and Antiperspirants

The History of Deodorants and Antiperspirants Mum antiperspirant is commonly perceived just like the main ever business antiperspirant... in any case, we dont really realize who imagined it.  Mum Deodorant Prior to the approach of antiperspirant, individuals by and large fought their hostile scents by veiling them with aromas (a work on dating to the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks). That changed when Mum antiperspirant went onto the scene in 1888. Tragically, we dont really realize whom to thank for sparing every one of us from our smell, as the designers name has been lost. All we know is that this Philadelphia-based creator trademarked his development and appropriated it through his medical caretaker under the name of Mum.â Mum additionally shared almost no for all intents and purpose with the antiperspirants found in drugstores today. Not at all like todays move on, stick or vaporized antiperspirants, the zinc-based Mum antiperspirant was initially sold as a cream applied to the underarms by the fingers.  In the late 1940s, Helen Barnett Diserens joined the Mum creation group. A proposal by a partner enlivened Helen to build up an underarm antiperspirant dependent on a similar standard as a modern creation called theâ ballpoint pen. This new sort of antiperspirant implement was tried in the USA in 1952, and showcased under the name of Ban Roll-On. The First Antiperspirant Antiperspirants can deal with smells, yet theyre not as successful at dealing with over the top perspiring. Luckily, the principal antiperspirant went onto the scene only 15 years: Everdry, which propelled in 1903, utilized aluminum salts to square pores and restrain perspiring. These early antiperspirants caused skin bothering, in any case, and in 1941 Jules Montenier licensed an increasingly present day detailing of antiperspirant that diminished aggravation, and which hit the market as Stopette. The main antiperspirant airborne antiperspirant was propelled in 1965. Be that as it may, antiperspirant splashes lost prominence because of wellbeing and ecological concerns, and today stick antiperspirants and antiperspirants are generally mainstream.

the united states at the paris peace conference essays

the US at the paris harmony gathering articles The United States at the Paris Peace Conference The First World War effectsly affected pretty much every part of our general public. Domains and governments crumbled, majority rules system started to rise, private enterprise was influenced, and expansion came about because of the expense of war. It became evident that an understanding must be arrived at which would plainly layout the means important to fix the harms done by the war. Considerably more critically, a strategy must be concocted which would, in principle, forestall such a terrible war from happening until the end of time. The Paris Peace Conference was held in the winter of 1919, overwhelmingly at the notorious Palace of Versailles, and was planned to understand these objectives. Twenty-seven countries were available at the Conference, albeit just four of these nations had a genuine voice in the current issue. These four nations, the Great Powers, were Italy, France, England, and the United States. Spoken to by Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Woodrow Wilson, individually, these men held most by far of intensity and impact present at the Conference. President Wilson spoke to the United States at Versailles. He accepted that World War I should end in a settlement dependent on popular government instead of on legislative issues of intensity, and he was available to make sure that the Treaty of Versailles was composed as needs be. Wilson exemplified the achievement of the just, liberal, dynamic and nationalistic developments of the previous century, and spoke to what society wanted for what's to come. His hopeful perspectives and objectives for the reparation of society were made apparent through his quality at the Conference, just as through the plans that he carried with him. In a discussion with newspaperman R.J. Drinking spree of the United Press, Wilson states what is essentially his demeanor towards the whole meeting: An explanation that I once made this ought to be a harmony without triumph holds more unequivocally today than any other time in recent memory. The ... <!

Why September is Atlantic Hurricane Season

Why September is Atlantic Hurricane Season The Atlantic tropical storm season starts on June 1, however a similarly importantâ date to stamp on your schedule is September 1-the beginning of the most dynamic month for typhoon action. Since authentic record keeping ofâ hurricanes started in 1950, over 60% of all Atlantic named storms have created in the long periods of August or September. What is it about late August and September that produces aâ flurry of tropical twisters inside the Atlantic Ocean? Age of Storm Seedlings One reason why tornado movement climbs is the hyperactive African Easterly Jet (AEJ). The AEJ is an east-to-west arranged breeze, much like the fly stream that streams over the US. As you may recollect, temperature contrasts drive climate, including the progression of wind. The AEJ streams across Africa into the tropical Atlantic Ocean, on account of the differentiation in temperature between the dry, sight-seeing over the Sahara Desert and the cooler, damp air over the forested territories of focal Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Since the stream close to the AEJ goes quicker than that further away in the encompassing air, what happens is that swirls start to create due to these differencesâ in speed. At the point when this occurs, you get whats called a tropical wave-an unstableâ kink or wave inâ the fundamental stream design that is obvious on satellite as groups of tempests. By giving the underlying vitality and turn required for a typhoon to create, tropical waves act like seedlings of tropical twisters. The more seedlings the AEJ produces, the more possibilities there are for tropical violent wind improvement. Ocean Temperatures Still in Summer Modeâ Obviously, having a tempest seedlingâ is just 50% of the formula. A wave wont naturally growâ into a typhoon orâ hurricane, except if a few of theâ atmospheres different conditions, includingâ sea surface temperatures (SSTs), are great. While temperatures might be chilling for us land-tenants as fall starts, SSTs in the tropics are simply arriving at their pinnacle. Since water has a higher warmth limit than land, it warms all the more gradually, which implies the waters that have burned through all mid year engrossing the suns warmth are simply arriving at their greatest warmth at summers end. Ocean surface temperatures must be 82 °F or hotter for a tropical violent wind to frame and flourish, and in September, temperatures over the tropical Atlantic normal 86 °F, about 5 degrees hotter than this limit. Regular Peakâ At the point when you take a gander at typhoon climatology, youll see a sharp increment in the quantity of named storms framing betweenâ late August into September. This expansion commonly proceeds until September 10-11, which is thought of as the seasons top. Pinnacle doesnt necessarilyâ meanâ multiple tempests will shape at onceâ or be dynamic over the Atlantic on this specific date, it just features when the heft of named tempests will have happened by. After this pinnacle date, storm movement normally decreases tenderly, with another five named storms, three typhoons, and one significant hurricaneâ occurring on normal by the seasons November 30 end. Most Atlantic Hurricanes at Once In spite of the fact that the word top doesnt essentially point to when the best number of tornados will occur on the double, there are a few events when it did. The record for most typhoons to ever happen simultaneously in the Atlantic bowl happened in September 1998, when upwards of four tropical storms Georges, Ivan, Jeanne, and Karl-at the same time spun over the Atlantic. With respect to the most tropical violent winds (tempests and typhoons) to ever exist at once, a limit of fiveâ occurred on September 10-12, 1971. Pinnacle Locationsâ Tornado movement warms up in September as well as the action in places where you can anticipate that violent winds should turn up increments, too. In pre-fall and late-summer, theres for the most part an expanded possibility that tempests will create in the Caribbean Sea, along the Eastern Atlantic Seaboard, and in the Gulf of Mexico. By November, cold fronts and expanding wind shear-two disrupters to tropical advancement enter into the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, and some of the time into the western Caribbean Sea also, which spells the finish of the pinnacle August-October period.

The Crucible Sumary essays

The Crucible Sumary papers The Crucible is a play about black magic. Everything starts with a gathering of youthful ladies playing with black magic educated by Tituba and Abigail Williams. Reverend Parris discovered them and the majority of the young ladies dissipated however the littlest young ladies The individuals of Salem, where the setting is, hold a congregation meeting and call Reverend Hale to choose if it is black magic. Robust comes to Salem and gets the young ladies to admit and fault Tituba, the slave that showed them black magic. Tituba The city of Salem brought in delegates to attempt individuals for black magic and the young ladies start their demonstrations of retribution on the whole town. Abigail Williams who desires for John Proctor attempts to bring Elizabeth Delegate, Johns spouse, to preliminary. Abigail went to the chamber and hauled a needle out of her stomach and asserted Elizabeth was capable. Solidness visited Elizabeth again and discovered a needle stuck in the midsection of a doll. Abigail had planted it. The bedlam proceeded and the young ladies keep on professing to see the fiend during the preliminaries, yet to discover what happens youll need to peruse the play. There are numerous subjects that you can investigate in this play; conjugal connections, the impacts of widespread panic, yet the most significant is, understanding the ... <!

Article Analysis on Marijuana

Clinical Marijuana? A young lady has HIV. Truth be told, she has had HIV for a long time. She contracted it from her sweetheart after her first sexual experience. Shockingly, she has gotten ugly. Her body is currently falling apart. She is experiencing cachexia, what one would allude to as HIV squandering condition. Cachexia characterized, is the physical squandering and ailing health of the body that is related with constant malady. HIV squandering disorder makes contaminated individuals get in shape and to experience the ill effects of harming looseness of the bowels, in addition to other things. She is consistently in a broad measure of agony, influencing various pieces of her body. The doctors that she visits have attempted endless medications to ease her affliction; be that as it may, nothing appears to work. There is a trial medicate, then again, whose viability to reduce HIV squandering manifestations is being tried at this point. The medication that could help facilitate this youthful woman’s torment and enduring is cannabis or, as it were, maryjane. Pot, in many states, is said to have no health advantages. Consequently, it is viewed as a calendar 1 controlled medication by the national government. This implies cannabis can't be utilized as treatment for any ailments or sicknesses. The little youngster presently faces the troubling reality that something out there might have the option to reduce her misery, but since of administratively ordered laws, she won't have the option to acquire it legitimately. Numerous American residents face this situation every year. Regardless of whether weed is unlawful or not will be not begging to be proven wrong in this paper. What is up for conversation is if cannabis can be utilized as a successful medication to furnish medicinally characterized debilitated people with alleviation from what troubles them. As in advance of referenced, this paper is to talk about the sanctioning or proceeded with illegalization of clinical maryjane for the numerous residents in unexpected weakness. David G. Evans composed a letter to the Time magazine proofreader entitled, â€Å"Medical Marijuana: an oxymoron†. David G. Evans contends that the national government should proceed with the preclusion of Medical Marijuana. His most advocated contention is the way that the Food and Drug Administration presently can't seem to favor clinical cannabis for clinical use (Evans standard. 2). Then again, Kevin O’Brien and Peter A. Clark contend for the authorization of clinical pot in required cases. They guarantee that in certain examples clinical cannabis is the main type of medication that is successful. The two of them teamed up to compose the contextual investigation â€Å"Mothers and Son: the instance of Clinical Marijuana†. A third article will be utilized to ruin or strengthen each article’s asserts in a sensible unpredictable way. The third article is an exploration paper composed by Tia Taylor from the American College of Physicians. The article is with respect to clinical weed. This inside and out explored paper has profoundly inquired about and bolstered contentions. The examination paper’s objective is to explain the Physicians’ goals for clinical maryjane and to contend reasons how clinical cannabis could be a resource for the clinical field. The two articles are elegantly composed just as chiefly accurate. In any case, one article is progressively powerful and all the more authentically based then the other. The contextual investigation â€Å"Mother and child: the instance of clinical marijuana† has somewhat progressively sensible cases, in this way it would appear to have the better contention. While trying to be fair, a far reaching examination of the two articles is required. This will be done in a manner that talks about each author’s cases and a portion of their characteristic worth. The title of the main article is â€Å"Medical Marijuana: a confusing expression. † This article is a letter to the editorial manager imprinted in Time Magazine and composed by David G. Evans. David G. Evans is the official chief of the Drug-Free Schools Coalition, a program that shows youngsters the perils of utilizing drugs. His activity capabilities involve knowing data about cannabis and other hurtful medications. Therefore, he is very much educated about issues of medications just as being a harsh rival of anything professional medication. He makes a lot of significant cases. One such case is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) presently can't seem to affirm smoked weed as medication (Evans standard. 2). This is on the grounds that smoked cannabis presently can't seem to fulfill the clinical preliminary guidelines for open use. Numerous associations dismiss pot in light of the fact that smoked cannabis is â€Å"crude† or ineffectual (Evans standard. 4). Weed is certainly not an excellent decision of medication when contrasted with other more secure and powerful medications. Evans asserts that smoking isn't the best method to convey the medication to the body (Evans standard. 5). Notwithstanding not having the option to figure the dose of maryjane adequately, there are hurtful reactions that the utilization of pot can make. He guarantees that weed use expands the odds of habit and medication use among kids (Evans standard. 7). He additionally asserts that marijuana’s kept mainstreaming is hindering children’s perspective on it as a perilous medication. He proceeds to state that, the states with star clinical weed â€Å"initiatives† have the most elevated measure of illicit drug habits (Evans standard. 7). He proceeds to end by saying that he is a disease survivor and he knows how it feels to have sentiments of misery (Evans standard. 9). He says that he isn't against individuals who really need clinical pot. He is contrary to the individuals who will control the framework to help their medication propensities (Evans standard. 8). The accompanying article is entitled â€Å"Mother and child: the instance of clinical marijuana† from The Hastings Center Report. This subsequent article is a contextual analysis done by Kevin 0’Brien and Peter A. Clark. The subject of the contextual investigation is a family, a mother and her seven-year-old child JJ. JJ is hyperactive and forceful; truth be told, he has been similar to this for an amazing majority (Clark, O’Brien standard 1). He has seen various doctors just as had various medications endorsed to help treat his condition (Clark, O’Brien 2). In any case, nothing appears to work viably. JJ’s mother started attempting to discover choices that might support her child. In 2001, she found that cannabis might support her child (Clark, O’Brian standard. 3). With counsel from her son’s doctor, she started JJ on an every day routine of maryjane. So far, JJ’s mother has seen improvement in her son’s condition in the wake of treating him with clinical maryjane. Clinical pot has helped this little youngster work. Kevin O’Brien and Peter A. Clark have composed their assessments for this situation study; be that as it may, this article will just concentrate on Peter A. Clark’s sentiment for time. Subside A. Clark is a partner teacher of wellbeing organization and religious philosophy at Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is additionally the bioethicist for Mercer Health System in Philadelphia. He underpins the utilization of clinical maryjane. He fortifies his assessment by utilizing data from eleven researchers dispatched by the leader of the United States and delegated by the Institute of Medicine to consider cannabis in 1999 (Clark, O’Brian standard. 14). The reports state that the advantages of the clinical utilization of maryjane are restricted in light of the antagonistic effect of the smoke. They despite everything suggested its utilization if no different choices were successful. They likewise found that directing the medication to wiped out individuals doesn't impact the medication utilization of the overall population. As indicated by the investigation, weed isn't a passage tranquilize and the way that the administration despite everything has not renamed maryjane as a calendar 2 medication is imperiling the wellbeing and prosperity of numerous Americans (Clark, O’Brian standard. 14). He says that we are currently confronted with two great and awful results: pot can once in a while work better than some customary techniques and maryjane has antagonistic long haul impacts that can prompt enslavement (Clark, O’ Brian standard. 5). He likewise discusses the way that Marinol is an option in contrast to maryjane; in any case, it has its weaknesses (Clark, O’Brien standard. 17). Marinol is a manufactured type of cannabis. Despite the fact that it nullif ies the negative impacts of pot, Marinol is over the top expensive: $500 dollars for 100 ten-milligram cases. It is accounted for by patients that Marinol is solid yet debilitates seriously after proceeded with use. He additionally says that reviews show that maryjane works more successfully than Marinol. That is the reason maryjane is a superior decision of medication than Marinol both expense and viability (Clark, O’Brian standard. 17). He accepts that the main primary worries about clinical pot are the odds of long haul inconveniences and the way that the dose, soon, should be expanded (Clark, O’Brien standard. 18). He finishes by saying that it is inadmissible for doctors to will not offer therapeutic maryjane to patients. A few patients are enduring severely and conventional medications are not working for them (Clark, O’Brien standard. 18). The specialist is committed to help the patient using any and all means. Both of the articles talk about whether smoked weed is a viable method to regulate cannabis to a patient. I accept that this contention is a significant contention so as to show which creator bolsters their contention with solid, genuine proof. In any case, to do this adequately another increasingly demonstrated source must be presented. The third article is a paper composed by Tia Taylor from the American College of Physicians titled â€Å"Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana†. This article is all the more logically based then the other two. The article is a position paper demonstrating the American College of Physicians’ reasons why they accept the administration should bolster the logical investigation of clinical weed. The position paper has very elegantly composed argume

How to Develop an Internal Locus of Control

How to Develop an Internal Locus of Control Stress Management Effects on Health Print How to Develop an Internal Locus of Control By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 05, 2019 Jordan Siemens/Iconica/Getty Images More in Stress Management Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Research has shown that those with an internal locus of controlâ€"that is, they feel that they control their own destiny, rather than their fate being largely determined by external forcesâ€"tend to be happier, less depressed, and less stressed.?? It is true that many of the stressors we face in life are largely beyond our control, though we can still cope with these things by adjusting how we think about things, working on our personal resilience, and focusing on the things we can control. Other times,  we either do have control over what we face, or we have more control than we realize. When we recognize what we can control, we feel more empowered, so having a realistic view of life and an internal locus of control can help us feel less stressed and more empowered in many situations in life. Fortunately, while some factors are inborn, if your locus of control isnt as internal as youd like it to be, there are things you can do to change your locus of control and empower yourself. Heres a process to practice: Be Aware That You Have a Choice When you realize that you always have the choice to change your situation (even if this change isnt your first choice, or is merely a change in how you look at things), it can be liberating and empowering. It is true that when you are experiencing extreme stress or mental health issues, you may not be able to simply choose to have your challenges evaporate, but you can choose the ways in which you find helpful, and you can choose what you do to cope.  Even if you don’t like the choices available at the moment, even if the only change you can make is in your attitude, you always have some choices. Phase out phrases like, ‘I have no choice’, and, ‘I can’t…” You can replace them with, ‘I choose not to,’ or, ‘I don’t like my choices, but I will…’ Realizing and acknowledging that you always have a choice (even if the choices aren’t ideal) can help you to change your situation, or accept it more easily if it really is the best of all available options. Review Your Options When you feel trapped, make a list of all possible courses of action. Just brainstorm and write things down without evaluating them first, so you become more able to tap your creativity.  This list can be a growing document, not something that you have to come up with within seconds, but it can be helpful in reminding you of your choices and keeping you from feeling trapped.  It can remind you of what you  can  control, even when there are many things that are set. Ask for Ideas You may want to also brainstorm with a friend to get more ideas for action that you may not have initially considered. Don’t shoot down these ideas right away, either; just write them down.  Sometimes our loved ones have great ideas or can see options that we cant see when we are coming from a stressed or trapped mindset. Choose Whats Best for You When you have a list, evaluate each one and decide on the best course of action for you, and keep the others in the back of your mind as alternative options. You may end up with the same answer you had before the brainstorming session, but this exercise can open your eyes to the amount of choices you have in a given situation. Seeing new possibilities will become more of a habit. Remember Your Choices Repeat this practice when you feel trapped in frustrating situations in your life. In more casual, everyday situations, you can still expand your mind to new possibilities by doing this quickly and mentally. Watch Your Language and Self-Talk Notice your language and self-talk. If you tend to speak in absolutes, stop. If your self-talk is generally negative, work to make your self talk more positive.?? Your attitude affects your stress level more than you may realize.?? You can learn how to help yourself with mental and personality factors that influence your stress level, so you can make changes to keep stress down.

strategic challenges of Kodak Company - 3025 Words

strategic challenges of Kodak Company (Research Paper Sample) Content: BUSINESS Name Course code Instructor Institution City/State Date * Introduction Ordinarily, about 54% of the organization tends to suffer organizational problems. These problems have over the years been considered to be detrimental to the success of the organization. Most of the organization thus keeps on struggling in the management due to poor strategies that are used. According to Kotter (2014), organization that has failed to use appropriate strategies will always make losses in the long run. Poor strategies include poor financial management, poor marketing, lack of technological development, poor research and development, lack of customer focus and lack of performance evaluation. These strategies are vital to the success of any organization (Kotter, 2014). Fundamentally, failure to use these business strategies may lead to low efficiency in the business and thus reduced sales and profitability. The present of competition in the market make organization to remain innovative, they are constantly researching to understand the consumer behavior so as to be on the competitive advantage. The internal and external environment of the business needs to be scrutinized to make it shine in the market. Basically, this task will analyze the challenges that are faced by Kodak Company which has been a global leader in the films industry for decades. This task seeks to analyze the strategic challenges of Kodak and how they have reduced it efficiency. Besides, it shall discuss the solution to the challenges (Anonymous, 2015). * Overview of the organization. Kodak Company has been in operation for over 130 years. The company started its operations in 1888 and was mandated to fill the huge gap of photography that was present then. Kodak was actually called the corporate dinosaur in the photographic film industry in the previous years. Based in Rochester, New York the company started as a company which sold camera film and diversified to other products that have seen it make huge profits in the recent past. Kodak has majorly invested in the film and colored photography from the year1880's which a major niche was then. The company was able to achieve a $1 billion sales mark in 1962 and this was the beginning of its success. Kodak got the wide market in US by 1976 by about 90% and thus became the pace setters in the photography industry. The company profitability was projected to be $20billion in 2015 10 years ago. However, the target was not met as the company was only able to make $6billion.This was attributed to the management issues and strategies. The profits have been reducing significantly due to poor strategies as shown in the graph below (Anonymous, 2015). * Strategic goals and Challenges. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis play a pivotal role in scrutinizing Kodakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as it strives to remain competitive by providing quality products. Kodak has been a global giant in the photographic film industries for about 130 years. Its strengths come from the strong brand name that has been established for a century. The brand name is able to draw customers to purchase the products. The company enjoys its sovereignty in the pioneering of the photography since 1888.This means that it has a wide market because of the established brand. Most of the clients both the old and young have perceived the brand as the best. The company has a wide diversification of products that spans from analogue cameras, printers, films, digital cameras, medical films, chemicals equipment, , RIS, digital x-ray and PACs has enabled the company have wide global market and networks. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s network has a wide customer base though they are not willing to buy the products due to pricing strategy among other reasons CITATION Mik14 \l 1033 (Myatt, 2014). Though Kodak has a strong brand, it is coupled with a lot of weaknesses that makes it not to make profits. The company has failed to incorporate fully technology into the company. Though the company has been a pioneer in the production of digital cameras, it has strategized to put more focus in the production of more analogue cameras than digital. The fear of digitalization is attributed to the cost implications that the managers are not willing to risk. The company has failed to concentrate on the consumers taste and preferences and thus most of them choose to buy from its competitor (FUJI) which has fully engulfed technology. Besides, the marketing of the few digital appliances is weak and this makes it hard for the customers to buy the new products. These factors have made the company to grow with little direction hence no corporate contro CITATION Kam12 \l 1033 (Munir, 2012)l. However, there are various opportunities that the company can venture in. The company good reputation and experience in the market can make the company secure contracts from the government that may be able to raise its profitability. The various departments in the Kodak Company such as applied and digital imaging, entertainment imaging, professional imaging, consumer imaging and health imaging ensure that the company has wide markets to secure contracts from. In addition, the product diversification is vital in giving the customers product preferences and tastes. The presence of technology and wide market are greater opportunity for the company to engage in so as to be on the competitive advantage CITATION Mar151 \l 1033 (Cohen, 2015). However, the quest for innovation by Kodak has been demoralized by competition in the market. Competition is the major threat to Kodak Company. There are over 75 digital camera producers who make more than 120 models. The competitors of Kodak have chosen to produce what it makes and add more features. Fuji which is a major competitor has mimicked Kodakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model of production and modified it further to attract more customers. Hewlett-Packard Company has also become a competitor in the printer manufacturing. Apart from the increase in foreign and domestic competition, Kodak also suffers other threats such as slower market growth. The slow growth of market has been attributed to the recent change in customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tastes and preferences. The customers are looking for advanced and complex cameras at very low costs which industries have failed to produce CITATION Joh14 \l 1033 (Kotter, 2014). Porters Five Forces. According to this tool, the photographic films industry could be analyzed on the basis of industrial rivalry, substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers and potential entrants. In the recent past, competition has facilitated the emergence close substitute. The emergence of smart phones has given the customers alternatives for photography. Some of the smart phones such as Infinix and Samsung Galaxy have a high image quality and better storage space than some of the digital cameras. Competitors are also on the rise in the production of other substitutes such as CCTV that are able to take quality photographs at a distance. In addition, there is also the possibility of potential entrant in the market. Due to the advancement in technology, innovation rates are high and therefore there is a high propensity of future camera manufacturing industries. The quest for digital camera that is efficient, water proves and affordable makes most of the companies to plan to produce them in future. Other companies such as Apple, Samsung, Toshiba and HP have visualized photography industry as a potential area of focus in future. Kodak profitability may fail to rise significantly due to high competition in the future. There is need for more innovation in the industry so as to beat the competition and rise in profitability CITATION Don15 \l 1033 (McCubbrey, 2015). According to Mahoney, innovation has created industry rivalry. This may affect the production and profitability of Kodak in the future. Both Fuji and Samsung which are major competitors of Kodak are seeking market attention. The customer behavior has changed in the recent past; most customers have decided to have smart phones that are able to multitask by making quality photos. In addition, they are also seeking for sleek, durable cameras that have more features at the lowest cost. This makes the different companies compete for the customers through innovation. There is also transfer of innovative ideas from one company to another which makes it hard for the production of a very unique product. The bargaining power of the buyers is yet another force that affects the company. Most of the customers tend to be very speculative in the products that they buy. Customers are looking for the latest cameras. Only the latest models tend to be loved by customers. This tends to affect Kodak because the company has majorly focused in the production of more analogue cameras than digital. The few digital cameras that are produced by Kodak have had low sales. This is because the company feels that its price should be high due to the value of the product. Kodak Company uses value based strategy whereby the customers get the values for the product that they buy. This is done by free after sale service and delivery and producing durable goods. However, the customers feel that the values are also given by the other competitors at a lower price CITATION Mar151 \l 1033 (Cohen, 2015). The last force entails the bargaining power of suppliers. The suppliers play a pivotal role in the development of the company. Most of the suppliers have deceased from giving credits to their customers. They will prefer dealing with customers who pay cash first before engaging those that needs raw materials with credit. Silicon Company is one of the suppliers of chips to Kodak which has embraced this strategy. The company prefers those that pay cash than creditors and thus this has affected Koda...

Physics And Computer Science Study The Behavior Of Complex...

If I can describe computational modelling as ‘the use of mathematics, physics and computer science to study the behaviour of complex systems by computer simulation’ (http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/computational-modeling) then that’s something I’m very familiar with, especially when modelling chemical processes in a manufacturing environment. In Chemistry, computational modelling is used for a range of different purposes (see Figure 1 below). You can use computer models to predict the behaviour of chemical reactions, changes to the properties of fluids as they flow through pipes and using computational models to simulate manufacturing process of synthesising chemicals before a chemical plant is built. Figure 1†¦show more content†¦Why use computers to model cognition? Computational modelling has become so popular in cognitive science (which I will refer to as cognitive modelling) and I will discuss a few that I think are the most important and of interest. The first involves the rise of cognitive psychology. The previous school of thought in psychology was behaviourism and in the early 20th century, John B Watson, instrumental in the birth of behaviourism, claimed that we can understand mental processes of an organism by analysing its behaviour. That given a stimulus, an organism’s reaction could be predicted. Even though behaviourism gave psychology credence as a scientific discipline allowing theories to be falsified, it did have its problems, namely that behaviourists where allowed to ignore the inner workings of the mind. B.F Skinner, an influential defender of behaviourism, argues that behaviourism looks at ‘the environmental histories of both the species and the individual.’ That environment selects behaviour.(Skinner, 1985) However, there were problems understanding cognition by simply studying the behaviour of an organism. This approach to psychology caused a lot of conflict and disagreements in the academic world (e.g. from Noam Chomsky, Ulrich Neisser). It was frustrating for psychologists working in this field to ignore the brain because, according to behaviourism, the internal

Mexican American War Essay - 709 Words

The Mexican-American War was driven by the idea of Manifest Destiny (Which is the belief that America had a God-given right to expand the countrys borders from sea to sea) This belief would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for many Mexicans, Native Americans and United States citizens. Following the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas eventually became a U.S. state. Disputes over the border lines sparked military confrontation, helped by the fact that President Polk eagerly sought a war in order to seize large tracts of land from Mexico. The war between the United States and Mexico had two basic causes. First, the†¦show more content†¦The second basic cause of the war was the Texas War of Independence and the subsequent annexation of that area to the United States. Not all American westward migration was unwelcome. In the 1820s and 1830s, Mexico, newly independent from Spain, needed settlers in the underpopulated northern parts of the country. An invitation was issued for people who would take an oath of allegiance to Mexico and convert to Catholicism, the state religion. Thousands of Americans took up the offer and moved, often with slaves, to the Mexican province of Texas. Soon however, many of the new Texicans or Texians were unhappy with the way the government in Mexico City tried to run the province. In 1835, Texas revolted, and after several bloody battles, the Mexican President, Santa Anna, was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco in 1836 . This treaty gave Texas its independence, but many Mexicans re fused to accept the legality of this document, as Santa Anna was a prisoner of the Texans at the time. The Republic of Texas and Mexico continued to engage in border fights and many people in the United States openly sympathized with the U.S.-born Texans in this conflict. As a result of the savage frontier fighting, the American public developed a very negative stereotype against the Mexican people and government. Partly due to the continued hostilities with Mexico, Texas decided to join with the United States,Show MoreRelatedThe Mexican American War Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States of America has been through many wars, wars concerning many things such as land oil, pride and respect. However, when the United States went to war with Mexico, it was planned over greed. The Mexican- American war was a war provoked by the United States, in efforts to expand the coasts of the country. Mexico was a small under privileged country who had previously to the war had already lost part of their country (Texas). Needless to say this war was cut throat and violent, it was howeverRead MoreThe Mexican-American War Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagesdisregard for the toll a war can take on human lives. When the Alamo was fought back in February 1836, it was about the independence of Texas from Mexico. In retaliation of the death and destruction of human life, Sam Houston retaliated in April and killed 630 Mexican soldiers and took General Santa Anna prisoner (Tindall Shi, 2010). This was the start of the independence of Texas and the quest for annexation into the United States, which ultimately led to the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Mexican-American War1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican-American war determined the destiny of the United States of America, it determined whether or not it would become a world power and it established the size of the United States of America. Perhaps the war was inevitable due to the idea of Manifest Destiny - Americans thought they had the divine right to extend their territory. The Mexican-American War started mainly because of the annexation of the Republic of Texas (established in 1836 after breaking away from Mexico). The United StatesRead MoreEssay The Mexican-American War1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican-American War. The Mexican-American war was a process of years of battles between the Mexicans and Americans but I think after this informational paper, you’ll seem to know a little bit more knowledge about it. How it all started, well in the beginning, the Americans and Mexicans both wanted to control Texas, but at the time it was a part of the Mexican territory, well soon enough Americans wanted control over it so badly that they started to travel into Texas’s land. Part of the reasonRead MoreCause Of The Mexican American War1864 Words   |  8 PagesThe Mexican-American war, also known as the Mexican war happened between 1846 and 1848 with the participants being United States of America and Mexico. Texas, previously a Mexican state, was the primary cause of the war. A series of disagreements had occurred between Texans and the Mexican government leading to Texas declaration of its independence in 1836. Later, Texas decided to join the United States as the 28th state and this infu riated Mexico. Additionally, border disagreements came up withRead MoreThe American Army in the Mexican War1085 Words   |  5 Pagesrepel invasions. This two level arrangement formed the basis of military establishment during the war. The U.S. army was not prepared for the war. The congress authorized 8613 men and officers for the war but, the actual number was fewer than 5500. Many regimental commanders entered before the War of 1812 but, were too elderly and infirm for an active duty. Looking at the poor state of army during the war, the Congress increased the number of private individual companies to hundred. This turned outRead MoreMexican American War Essay4448 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction/Background The Mexican American War began on April 25, 1846. The war lasted two years losing many men on both sides. The Mexican war was the third major fought by the United States. In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla triggers the beginning of Mexico’s fight for independence from Spain. Mexico gained its independence in 1821 after a long and bloody revolution against Spain. For Mexico, the war between them and the United States was a fight to keep their institutions and national integrityRead MoreCompare and contrast the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War.1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War are two wars that physically appear two opposites. The War of 1812 involves plenty of naval battles and a few major land battles, while the Mexican-American War involves numerous land battles and few, if any, naval battles. However there are numerous similarities. The War of 1812, The US saw Great Britain as a major problem because of their definition of contraband and the impressment of American sailors into the British Navy. And around this time theRead MoreMexican And Mexican Americans During The War Of Texas And The Wrongful1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unit explains the hardships many Mexican and Mexican Americans have carried and continue to carry till this day due to their ethnicity and roots. The inequality and struggles rooted from the invasion of Texas and the wrongful â€Å"won† over Mexican territory by the Euro-centric American who then expanded their border down south unjustly colonizing the Northwest of Mexico. Along with land many Mexicans who resided in this land were now living in among a strange new government and environment thatRead MoreMexican American War And The Mexican War1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican American war better known as the Mexican war, was a conflict between The united states of America an d Mexico. from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 US annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory, despite the 1836 Texas revolution. After its independence in 1821 and brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824, characterized by considerable instability, so that when war broke out in 1846, Mexico was ill-prepared for this conflict

Use Of Drones in Agriculture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 677 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Drones Essay Did you like this example? Drones, more scientifically known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have been around for ages, but are just starting to become beneficially used in the agricultural business. Farmers can get a birds eye view of their land, animals, and crops just by flying drones at low altitudes. I believe that drones can be extremely beneficial to agricultural farmers in todays day and age. Given that most farmers are in their fifties, drones can come to be of great use, if known how to operate properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many pros and cons that can go along when working with drones. First off, a few pros are monitoring, spraying, and analyzing/mapping. Monitoring is one of the most important aspects of having a drone. Monitoring can be used for livestock, as well as other farm animals, to keep watch and make sure no predators are coming in. Predators, such as cougars and wolves, are attacking livestock species and killing them, which results in a loss for farmers. With the use of drones, farmers can track what is coming in and out, and are then able to set up some different techniques that wont kill the predators, such as hanging strips of cloth from the fence lines, which causes a flutter and scares away the animal. Also, drones have thermal sensors in which monitoring can be used for the crops to make sure that everything is growing properly and identifying irrigation where necessary. Secondly, spraying is a big component of having a drone. Drones can visually scan the ground and spray an even amount of liquid making sure that everything is properly covered. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Use Of Drones in Agriculture" essay for you Create order It has been concluded that spraying with drones can be completed up to five times as fast than with tractors or other spraying machinery. Mapping is essential when it comes to drones and farming. It can be used to map out the land and measure out the whole area. Cameras are an accessory to drones, in which it takes high quality pictures that can evaluate the condition of the farm at that exact moment so that farmers know what needs to be done. The quality of crops is an important factor in farming and is essential to the farmer. Drones are able to analyze the crops by visualizing them and helping improve the overall quality. On the reverse side, the cons are limitations to routes, high prices, and weather conditions. Drones have a limited amount of airspace to fly around. They cannot fly too low, too high, or too far away. Drones are meant to fly at low altitudes to reach its full potential. Although, drones must stay in a certain area and cannot exceed two kilometers. As far as pricing goes, drones are not a cheap toy for adults. The more expensive the drone is, the better qualities it may have. They range from about 10,000 to 20,000, which is quite high for the average farmer. Not to mention, the accessories do not come with the actual drone. Cameras, controllers, and Wi-Fi are all required for the drone to operate in full effect. Lastly, weather is also a big issue. Conditions like thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes have the ability to interrupt the signal and make the drone not functional. Because of these weather conditions, it could completely damage the drone, making for an unhappy farmer. As a result, there are far more good things about drones compared to bad. Yes, they are expensive, but would be money well spent in the long run, if taken care of properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, drones are and can be a tremendous benefit to farmers, now and in the upcoming future. There are three benefits that I found to be extremely important: yield increases, time saver, and a safe plan for the upcoming future. Using drones not only helps improves the rate of production, but it can also save time for farmers as well as help better plan for crops in the future. On top of that, it can do a ton of other helpful things that will help save time for everyday farmers.

Should Minimum Wage Be Increased Essay - 963 Words

According to the reference (Issues Surrounding the Minimum Wage Debate REVISION 2- Bruce D. Philips,NFIB Research Foundation, 11/30/05) increasing the minimum wage hurts low-skill employees. Most economists agree that increasing the minimum wage destroys jobs. This job loss is concentrated on the least skilled employees in the economy. Research from Duke University, the University of Wisconsin, and Michigan State University indicates that increases in the minimum wage hurt low-skill employees. Cornell University economists found that groups such as high school dropouts and black young adults suffer four times more employment loss from a minimum wage increase than their non-black and more educated counterparts. Losses to small business†¦show more content†¦More than 45 percent of respondents in a 2000 survey of members of the American Economic Association said they mainly agreed that minimum wages increased unemployment among young and unskilled workers. But over the last few decades there have been several increases in federal and state minimum wages, with little impact on the level of employment. This has led economists in the last decade to reconsider the link between wages and jobs at the bottom. In 2005, about 1.2 million workers in the leisure and hospitality industry were earning no more than the minimum wage: restaurant cooks, hotel maids and others, accounting for almost 64 percent of all minimum-wage workers in the country. Unlike a manufacturer, a McDonalds in the United States will not relocate to China when its labor costs rise. And until a machine is developed to adequately sautà © the vegetables and toss the salad in Americas sit-down restaurants, it will be hard for employers to replace them, even if Congress agrees to increase their pay to $7.25 an hour from $5.15 over a couple of years. In one study, Mr. Krueger and David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, found that in the eight months after New Jersey raised its minimum wage to $5.05 an hour from $4.25 in 1992, employment in fast-food restaurants grew slightly fasterShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Increased1057 Words   |  5 PagesRebecca Nevins Meredith Sides English 101 16 November 2015 Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Congress enacted the federal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higherRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Increased?1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficult if you are living on minimum wage. Of course it’s more difficult for some people than others depending on their situation and their living conditions. Americans and working class people who do come to America for a â€Å" better opportunity† and for the famous American dream struggle. Minimum wage should be increased because of the overqualified, educated, and experienced Americans who are relying on minimum wage jobs as a result of the struggling economy. Raising minimum wage will hel p employees sustainRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Increased?1691 Words   |  7 PagesShould Minimum Wage be Increased? Introduction The term, â€Å"minimum wage† refers to a lowest payment that an employer is bound to pay to its workers. Today minimum wage is made compulsory in more than ninety percent of nations including Canada where workers are demanding to increase minimum wages for a long time. Minimum wages are revised by governments in order to met growing needs of workers. There is a difference of opinion on the issue of increasing minimum wages among people of Canada. EmployersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federal minimum wage. The post may have a picture of a soldier, a disheveled EMT in the back of an ambulance, or a waving American flag with overlying text stating something to the effect of ‘â€Å"Burger flippers† think they should be paid as much as these minimum wages workers? No way!’ If my experience on social media is any indicator, the most popular posts always contain â€Å"burger flipper† or â€Å"baconator.† Posts like the ones described above make moral judgements about the minimum wage with littleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1669 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is a huge controversy around the world and especially in the United States today. It is the lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees. The world’s first minimum wage law was passed in the year eighteen ninety-four in New Zealand. New Zealand’s minimum wage experiment caught the attention of other countries. It made them start considering the law for their own countries. The United States passed their federal minimum wage law in nineteen thirty-eight. The federalRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease the minimum wage in California from ten to fifteen dollars by the year 2022. The minimum wage will be increased by one dollar each year until 2022. This will give businesses enough time to meet state requirements to raise wages for em ployees. The bill was created to help people who are making less than minimum wage but it will disable California’s economy system and cause negative effects for people who are living on the current minimum wage system. The rise of the minimum wage will causeRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Increased?1169 Words   |  5 Pageslarge scale over the State of Michigan’s plans to increase the minimum wage from seven dollars and fifty cents to ten dollars. Although increasing the minimum wage may seem beneficial to some, possibly stimulating the economy or increasing the standard of living for those who live below the poverty line, when looking at the economic issue through a larger lens and placing it into its context, one finds that by increasing the minimum wage, not only is the State of Michigan not addressing the most criticalRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimately, raising the minimum wage doesRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased911 Words   |  4 PagesThe question that ponders many people’s minds is whether the federal minimum wage should be increased or not. The current U.S. minimum wage is $7.50 and this wage has not increased since 2009. Families with minimum income wages are suffering due to the fact that they cannot provide everyday needs for their families. This is the reason why many people are rioting. They are frustrated with the government’s nonchalant attitude towards the hard situations i n which they are living in. A final decision

The Truth Regarding Puppy Mills Free Essays

Page 2 Puppy mills have long been a problem in the United States, specifically the Midwest region. Puppy mill dogs live in cages 24 hours a day 7 days a week. The dogs’ only purpose in life is â€Å"to sit in a cage, constantly producing more puppies to make a profit for their owners† (Best Friends Network, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on The Truth Regarding Puppy Mills or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dogs have little to no human interaction. Puppy mills are licensed facilities, which mass-produce puppies for pet stores and/or auctions, and should be banned due to the horrible conditions in which the animals live; they are bred repeatedly, and often killed when having outlived their usefulness. According to Pet Shop Puppies (n. d. ), Congress enacted the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA). The AWA was meant to protect the animals, but instead opened up the door for dog farms. This act changed the definition of dogs from pets to livestock. Today we have moved up from dog farms to puppy mills. Puppy mills breed dogs repeatedly and have turned breeding into a multi-million dollar industry. Best Friends Network states there is an estimated 6,000 licensed puppy mills breeding approximately 500,000 dogs each year with an unknown amount of unlicensed facilities (The Skinny On Puppy Mills section, final paragraph). Puppy mill owners breed dogs, sell the offspring to pet stores and auction houses. The puppies are sent to auction to be sold to the highest bidder in order for other puppy mills to be able to continue the breeding cycle. When puppy mills run out of new dogs to breed, they will begin breeding mother to son, daughter to father, etc. creating inbreeding. Inbreeding causes many genetic problems for any breed. Page 3 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires minimum standards for puppy mills, breeders, and rescues. According to Prisoners of Greed (n. ), the cages are required to be six inches longer, wider, and taller than the dog inside. The cages have to be made of coated wire. This coated wire cuts into the paws of the dogs causing severe infection, loss of limbs, and sometimes death. The USDA does not require dogs to be exercised. There is no requirement as to how clean the cages have to be kept. Often, the dog cages are stacked on top of one another to save space. The dog’s feces and urine drops through the coated wire bottom onto the dog(s) below. There are many differences between puppy mills and licensed rofessional breeders. A professional breeder only breeds to improve or sustain the breed. Puppy mills breed for purely profit. Professional breeders will only breed their dogs a maximum of once a year. Some breeders only breed their bitches every other year. Puppy mills breed their dogs repeatedly. When a person purchases a puppy from a professional breeder, the facilities, which the parent dogs live, is available for a tour. Puppy mills wholesale their puppies to stores and auction houses only. Puppy mills and private auctions are not licensed to sell directly to the public. This means the purchaser is unable to see the conditions of which the parent dogs live. Professional breeders will retire their dogs once they are too old to be used for reproduction. Retirement means these dogs get to live out their life as a family pet. Puppy mills kill the dogs, dump them on the side of the road, give them away, or send them to animal control once they are not able to reproduce. According to the USDA, animal control is not required to keep a surrendered dog for any length of time. Animal control is free to euthanize the animal when the owner brings them in. Page 4 The USDA has many responsibilities. The USDA is responsible for inspecting yearly all professional breeders, puppy mills, and rescues. When the USDA inspects the officer is required to enforce the federal AWA. The USDA does not always fine or shut down puppy mills when the officer discovers a violation. These facilities are allowed to continue to operate while the animals are kept in poor conditions. According to Prisoners of Greed (n. d. ) â€Å"there are over 4,000 federally licensed breeding kennels†. In Susan Montee’s report (2008), Missouri State Auditor, the USDA â€Å"failed to inspect 1,111 of 2,769 licensed animal care facilities in 2006. The same report states only 27% of licensed facilities were inspected in 2004. In Claire McCaskill’s report (2004), Missouri State Auditor, the USDA has received three negative reports in the last seven years. These reports inspections by the Missouri State Auditor happen every other year. The issue being the USDA is required annually to inspect every li censed animal care facility and is not even inspecting half. Puppy mills treat their dogs like livestock. The dogs live in small cages, stacked on top of each other, with a coated wire bottom cutting into their feet. The dogs breed repeatedly with no attention paid to genetic defects. Sick puppies are often produced and sold to pet stores. These pet stores in turn sell the sick puppies to the public (S. Rhoades, personal interview, June 7, 2009). There are people, which have the mindset of only buying from pet stores because they only want a purebred puppy, and do not want to pay the prices professional breeders charge. (S. Rhoades June 7, 2009) There are many pure bred dogs on death row at animal shelters all over the Midwest. (S. Rhoades, personal interview, June 7, 2009) It is important the general public knows the truth regarding where that cute puppy was born, and where its parents live. (S. Rhoades, personal interview, June 7, 2009) There are also breed specific rescues, which have Page 5 only purebred puppies and dogs for adoption. As long as we have dogs on death row do not breed or buy, adopt from the local animal shelter or rescue. (S. Rhoades, personal interview, June 7, 2009) Page 6 References Best Friends Network, The Skinny on Puppy Mills [A. Abern]. (October 20, 2007) http://network. estfriends. org/puppymillrescue/news/19928. html Pet Shop Puppies, Incorporated ( n. d. ). The Joy of a Puppy. Brochure distributed by Pet Shop Pet Shop Puppies, Incorporated [no author]. (2004-2009). The Truth Behind Pet Store Puppies. June 3, 2009, http://www. petshoppuppies. org/psppuppymills. htm Prisoners of Greed [no author]. (n. d. ). Puppymills Breed Misery. June 3, 2009, http://www. prisonersofgreed. org/Com mercial-kennel-facts. html Rhoades, S. (June 7, 2009). Personal interview with S. Rhoades, Follow Me Home Animal Rescue and Sanctuary, http://www. followmehome. org How to cite The Truth Regarding Puppy Mills, Papers

Essay on Elements of Management

Question: Write about theEssay on Elements of Management. Answer: Introduction Organizations formulate ways and strategies that aim at improving their overall performance. Analyzing their human and material resources is an essential step to achieving their goals and objectives. However, the management of some organizations fails to formulate policies and measures that control the behavioral patterns of individuals (Abadi, et al. 2011, 157-169). Thus, they are unable to manage their employees effectively. Therefore, it is important to determine the various elements of management that influence the behavior of supervisors, subordinates, and our peers. Maintaining a shared workforce that focuses on improving the performance is a must do the task, although personality factor brings conflict between individual and organization behavior. In this report, motivation, individual differences, conflict and change management are the key elements discussed to evaluate their influence on employees effort and behavior (Abadi, et al. 2011, 157-169). Understanding the different styles and skills of people helps management in getting the right people to a particular job title and at the end improve work performance and achievement of the set goals and objectives. The report has provided an in-depth analysis and evaluation of motivation, conflicts, individual differences and change as elements of management. Motivation Motivation is a key determinant of the behavior in a given organization. Employees should be motivated to arouse them towards certain goal directors, but the question remains, how the management reinforce such an action. Various definitions and theories of motivation have been developed by different scholars such as Maslow, who established the need hierarchy theory (Abadi, et al. 2011, p.157-169). Such approaches provide detailed explanations on how to motivate the employee to improve the performance of organizations, but their practical applications in real life of a business environment become cumbersome. Use of intrinsic motivations by management gives personal satisfaction, hence leading to individual recognition, trust, empowerment, and good relations among the employees in various departments. However, intrinsic motivations are applicable when employees take their tasks and duties to be routine and bureaucratic and where there they perceive that it is paramount to comply with r ules and procedures. Extrinsic motivations such as bonuses, salary raise, gifts, and promotions also play a significant role in inspiring the firms workforce (Slocum and Hellriegel, 2007). People always put more effort to improve their performance when they are sure of material rewards. The management of an organization should ensure that they motivate their employees in a hierarchical order as described by Maslows theory. The employees behavior is influenced by the ability to satisfy basic needs first before moving to a different level (Khan, et al. 2010, p.37-52). A persons paycheck can be used to meet the psychological needs, but it is crucial to ensure that such pay meets safety and esteem need as well. However, this theory may be challenging to apply in real life situations because what one perceives to be a basic need may be a luxury to another person. Therefore, not all categories of the members can be fully satisfied. Individual needs cannot be the only motivators as several elements can encourage a person to work efficiently to improve the performance of the firm. The two-factor theory of Fredrick Herzberg has approached motivation in two perspectives, motivators and hygiene. Its hard to classify since people attribute the causes of satisfaction to themselves and blaming a given situation that occurs to be the cause of dissatisfaction (Josse Robert, 2007, p.605-624.) Although the theory has various limitations, managers can use its concepts to improve the working environment so as to motivate their employees. They should not solely focus on only hygiene factors look at other ways of enriching the jobs such as greater responsibilities and challenging work. Life experiences have led to individuals acquiring a need for achievement, affiliation, and power. This argument is as per the acquired needs theory of McClellands (Greguras Diefendorff, 2009, p.465-477). Such combination of requirements influences the behavior of employees in an organization. Individuals with high need of achievement always prefer doing tasks for themselves and not delegating them to subordinates. Therefore it is not simple for them to perform the managerial activities that involve coaching and holding meetings. The outcomes of a person regarding rewards should be proportional to inputs. When there is the perception of inequity among the working staff, they will tend to reduce their inputs and quality of their duties. This explanation is derived from Adams equity theory which specifies that people with same qualifications and efforts should be rewarded equally (Chowdhury, 2007, p.238-243). Individual Differences Individual differences affect all the areas of an organization including behaviors, perceptions and interactions and influence how people respond to change and productivity in the organization Gully, S., Chen, 2010, p.3-22). Diversity, perceptions, emotions, attitudes, personality, abilities and skills are the elements of individual differences that impact workplace behavior either negatively or positively. If management wants to improve the performance, they have to understand and take into consideration peoples drives, and desires operate (Bauer, et al. 2007, p.707-721). Therefore it is not easy to motivate two different people using the same methods. The values a person accumulates throughout the life experiences affect how he/she makes decisions regarding assigned duties and responsibilities in an organization and their actual behaviors. Value attainment leads to satisfaction and as a result motivate people to work efficiently to achieve the set goals and objectives (Fritzche, 2 007, p.335-343). Although, it is difficult for managers to select which personal values should be sacrificed to achieve consistent values among employees. Understanding employees personalities such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism help a manager to effectively manage organizational behavior. Encouraging openness among people in the workplace leads to high adaptability to change and team experience (Suar Khuntia, 2010). Management should be cautious of the extent of openness as it can result in poor performance. Employees can end up spending much of their time with their friends and fail to perform their tasks and duties (Blader, 2007, p.108-126). Highly conscious personnel tend to focus on improving their performance. It is complex for managers to correctly maintain a lasting between personality and behavior of individuals since personality traits are inborn. Additionally, it is difficult to predict job performance using a character as one may portray to be open and extravagant, but as time goes, such behavior diminishes and ends a being a cause of conflicts in an organization. Effective application of the abilities and skills of individuals contribute to the success of a firm. They influence how one feels concerning an assigned task (Borghans, et al. 2008, p.972-1059). In the selection of employees, personality traits of a person help in predicting the work behavior of the individual and how he/she can influence other staff in bringing either positive or negative outcome. It is hard to manage employees with low self-esteem as a negative feedback by managers aimed at improving their performance can be viewed as underestimating their worth as subordinates. Self-monitoring is also a personality trait should be encouraged among employees. Despite the vital role self-monitoring plays, it has limitations too. How can a person monitor the actions at the same time focus on avoiding confrontations from the authority due to either underperformance or misrepresentations? It is quite difficult, and therefore self-monitored people may use a certain situation as a stepp ing stone to move to a different level or organization. Conflict Conflict is an element that is inevitable by the managers of an organization. The various types of conflicts that occur may result in either negative or positive outcome. It can lead to maladjusted behavior among the employees of the organization (Cropanzano, et al. 2007, p.34-38). Various strategies have been established that management team can use to neutralize the conflict that may exist with their employees. They include; when wages are paid on a regular basis, workers are expected to perform duties more efficiently. However, delay of payments cause strikes and lack of devotion. According to Skinners theory of motivation, rewarding individuals basing on spectacular performance encourages excellent performance and doing it more exceptionally and repeatedly without causing conflicts (Danish Usman, 2010, p.159-167). Provision of free training and participation in decision making motivates employees to be more productive and develop a behavior that enhances the image of an organization. Establishing conflict resolution techniques such as negotiation and arbitration can enhance peaceful coexistence among the workforce and thus improve their morale in job performance (Bauer, et al. 2007, p.707-721). Such resolution methods should be accompanied by other measures or else they will not have any impact on the overall performance. The measures may include; establishment of an enabling working environment, recreation facilities and canteen services and computerized communication networks. Therefore, managers need to analyze the various sources, causes, and consequences of disagreements so as to establish an enriching and conflict free working environment. Understanding the basics of human recognition will enhance their management of employees (Cropanzano, et al. 2007, p. 34-38). The values and personality traits need to be aligned with the organization vision and mission so as to establish a behavior that encourages efficient work performance. Change Management Managing change is a significant part of the tasks of managers. Therefore, when implementing changes, such advanced methods of production ensure that all people including employees are involved in the process. Participation of employees can lead efficient utilization of resources and efficiency on duties given as they shall respond positively to the change (Bauer, et al. 2007, p.707-721). Besides, there is reduced labor reductions, willingness to contribute, and reduced staff turnover. The rapid changes in the workplaces call for employee satisfaction. However, this function of management is more complex as employees motivations change from time to time. Moreover, also, various researches have made assumptions that as income of employees increase, money cannot continue motivating them to work more. Also, as they become older their interest to work is the motivator (Beier, Kanfer 2010, p.65-98). However, one person may treat a given change to be unfair while the other one perceives it to be fair, as a result contradicting opinions arise within the work environment. The management uses concepts from reinforcement theory by Skinners to either reward or punishes employees behavior that gives positive or negative outcomes respectively. However, how can one be sure that after rewarding a certain behavior the person will repeat it? It is not an excellent way of encouraging positive behaviors that lead to improvement in overall performance. Task performance is linked to goal setting. Establishment of new targets and the appropriate changes required gives employees direction on what should be done to improve performance. They help in developing a desirable behavior of employees who focus on attaining the set goals and objectives. However, when people set their goals, they may end up conflicting with management goal, according to Lockes goal setting theory (Mani, 2010, p.129-139). Change management helps to determine challenging task and hence, fit with the social environment in which they operate (Bauer, et al. 2007, p.707-721). When managing it is good to put in mind Katters steps to successful changes, which include, increasing the urgency, empowering actions, make the change to stick, getting the vision right and creating short-term wins. However, before applying such techniques try to understand how they people will respond to the change. How a person communicates the recommended changes to the affected individuals substantially determines the feedback in the long run. Conclusion In summary, to improve performance level in the organization, the management should motivate their employees, try to neutralize individual differences and conflicts. Motivated workforce focus on creativity, innovation and zeal components that aim at pushing the firm to a higher level. Satisfied employees tend to portray behaviors that enhance the image of the enterprise and as a result attracting more labor force and reducing personnel turnover and strikes due to various conflicts emanating from individual indifferences. References Abadi, F. E., Jalilvand, M. R., Sharif, M., Salimi, G. A., Khanzadeh, S. A. (2011). A Study of Influential Factors on Employees Motivation for Participating in the In-Service Training Courses Based on Modified Expectancy Theory. International Business and Management, 2(1), 157-169. Slocum J.W., and Hellriegel, D. (2007). Fundamentals of organizational behavior; Thomson south Western publishers; Printed in China Bauer, T. N., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D. M., Tucker, J. S. (2007). Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 707721 Beier, M. E., Kanfer, R. (2010). Motivation in training and development: A phase perspective. In S. W. J. Kozlowski E. Salas (Eds.), Learning, training, and development in organizations (pp. 65-98). New York: Routledge. Blader, S. L. (2007). What leads organizational members to collectivize? Injustice and identification as precursors of union certification. Organization Science, 18, 108126. Borghans,L., Duckworth, A.L.,Heckman, J.j., ter Weel,B.(2008).The economics and psychology of personality traits. Journal of Human Resources, 43,972?1059. Chowdhury, M. S., (2007). Enhancing Motivation and Work Performance of the Salespeople: The Impact of Supervisors Behavior. African Journal of Business Management, 1(9), 238-243. Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., Gilliland, S. W. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21, 3448 Danish, R. Q., Usman, A., (2010). Impact of Reward and Recognition on job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 159-167 Fritzche, D. J. (2007). Personal values influence on the ethical dimension of decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 75, 335-343. Greguras, G. J., Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: Linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 465-477. Gully, S., Chen, G. (2010). Individual differences, attribute-treatment interactions, and training outcomes. In S. W. J. Kozlowski E. Salas (Eds.), Learning, training, and development in organizations (pp. 3-22). New York: Routledge. Josse, D., Robert, D. (2007). Signaling and screening of workers motivation. Journal of Economic Behaviour Organization., 62: 605624. Khan, K. U., Farooq, S. U., Ullah, M. I., (2010). The Relationship between Rewards and Employee Motivation in Commercial Banks of Pakistan. Research Journal of International Studies, 14, 37-52 Mani, V., (2010). Development of Employee Satisfaction Index Scorecard. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1), 129-139 Suar, D., Khuntia, R. (2010). Influence of personal values and value congruence on unethical practices and work behavior.

Behavioural Skills in Business free essay sample

Role of managers Report By Caroline McNaught Role of managers Report By Caroline McNaught CONTENTS * Analyse Jess’s role as manager of the Customer Engagement team using appropriate management and leadership theories. * Analyse how assertiveness, influencing and negotiating techniques could be used with reference to specific team members and show why the techniques proposed might be effective in this situation. * Identify potential sources of conflict within her team and the effects of these conflicts. Provide techniques to assist Jess in the management of these conflicts. Consider approaches to managing meetings and make suggestions that may help Jess in her management and conduct of team meetings. * Outline techniques that may help Jess manage her time. * Identify and deal with the stress that Jess currently faces. * Provide approaches that may assist Jess in managing problems and enhance her decision making skills. * References Introduction My name is Caroline McNaught and currently I am a mentor for Jess Green who is a newly appointed manager for the New Customer Engagement team of Balance Banking PLC. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioural Skills in Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have been asked to write a report regarding Jess’s role as manager and some of the obstacles that have been getting in the way of her being able to do her job efficiently. These include lifting team morale, managing conflicts within her team, approaches to managing meetings, time management and dealing with stress. The aim of this report is to inform Jess of some techniques that can be used effectively to help her in her new position. Analyse Jess’s role as manager of the Customer Engagement team using appropriate management and leadership theories. Jess’s role as manager is to ensure that the performance of her team is geared towards achieving the strategic objectives of the organisation. These are: * To achieve financial security and return to profit. * To become a place of choice for employees. * To create an open and transparent management style. * To focus on customer and shareholder needs. * To focus on long-term quality profitability. * To create a new business mix and manage the business risk. Unfortunately for Jess, not all of her team are performing very well. Some of them are reluctant to embrace the changes that have occurred since the restructuring of the organisation. For Jess to be able to achieve the goals of the organisation then she must look at the alternate ways of managing her team. In reality, Jess’s role of manager changes every day into many different roles. Some of these roles include being a planner, organiser, negotiator, leader and representing her team at board meetings. As tasks and situations change Jess has to be able to keep up with these changes herself. In today’s society being a manager has many more obstacles to overcome than earlier years. With new technology, globalisation and the changing marketplace being just a few of these obstacles faced today. Many theorists have different views on the role of manager. In 1916, Henri Fayols book Administration Industrielle et Generale was first published. From Fayols observations of managers he concluded that every managerial job contained the same five elements. These elements are: * Planning * Organising * Commanding * Co-ordinating * Controlling ( H. Fayol, 1916) Fayols framework for looking at what a manager does is still valid today. By planning, organising, co-ordinating and commanding then Jess may be able to take control of her team in a more productive way. Henry Mintzberg is another theorist who studied the activities of managers and identified 10 roles common to the work of all managers. Mintzberg published his book, â€Å"Mintzberg on Management: Inside our Strange World of Organisations,† in 1990. The ten roles are: 1. Figurehead. 2. Leader. 3. Liaison. 4. Monitor. 5. Disseminator. 6. Spokesperson.

Nixon and the Watergate Scandal free essay sample

Watergate Scandal Victoria Daniele Constitutional History May 19, 2013 The Watergate Scandal involved a number of illegal activities that were designed to help President Richard Nixon win re-election. The scandal involved burglary, wiretapping, campaign financing violations, and the use of government agencies to harm political opponents. A major part of the scandal was also the cover-up of all these illegal actions. The Watergate Scandal got its name from the Watergate office complex in Washington, D. C. This large office building was the home of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters, and the site of the break-in that began the largest scandal in American politics. However, even before the break-in, President Nixon had begun illegal operations. In January 1972, G. Gordon Liddy[-gt;0], general counsel to the Committee for the Re-Election of the President[-gt;1] (CRP), presented a campaign intelligence plan to CRPs Acting Chairman Jeb Stuart Magruder[-gt;2], Attorney General John Mitchell[-gt;3], and Presidential Counsel John Dean[-gt;4], that involved extensive illegal activities against the Democratic Party[-gt;5]. We will write a custom essay sample on Nixon and the Watergate Scandal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mitchell viewed the plan as unrealistic, but two months later was alleged to have approved a reduced version of the plan which involved burgling the Democratic National Committees (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate Complex[-gt;6] in Washington, D. C. The ostensible purpose of this was to photograph documents and install listening devices. Liddy was nominally in charge of the operation, but has since insisted that he was duped by Dean and at least two of his subordinates. These included former CIA officers E. Howard Hunt[-gt;7] and James McCord[-gt;8], then CRP-Security Coordinator; John Mitchell had by then resigned as Attorney General to become chairman of the CRP. WATERGATE RETROSPECTIVE: THE DECLINE AND FALL[-gt;9], Time Magazine, August 19, 1974 After two attempts to break into the Watergate Complex failed to yield information of value, the order for yet another break-in was given to Liddy by Jeb Magruder, either acting on his own or on orders from Dean. Shortly after midnight on June 17, 1972, Frank Wills[-gt;10], a security guard at the Watergate Complex, noticed tape overing the latches on doors in the complex (allowing the doors to close but remain unlocked). He removed the tape and thought nothing of it. Wills returned an hour later and discovered that someone had re-taped the locks, which he then called the police. Five men were discovered and arrested inside the DNCs office. WATERGATE RETROSPECTIVE: THE DECLINE AND FALL[-gt;11], Time Magazine, August 19, 1974 The five men were Virgilio Gonzalez, Bernard Barker[-gt;12], James McCord, Eugenio Martinez[-gt;13], and Frank Sturgis[-gt;14], who were charged with attempted burglary and attempted interception of telephone and other communications. On September 15, a grand jury[-gt;15] indicted them, as well as Hunt and Liddy,Watergate: chronology of a crisis 1. Washington D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Inc. p. 4. ISBN[-gt;16] 0-87187-059-2[-gt;17]. OCLC[-gt;18] 20974031[-gt;19] for conspiracy, burglary, and violation of federal wiretapping laws. The five burglars who broke into the office were tried by Judge John Sirica[-gt;20] and convicted on January 30, 1973. Throughout the next few months this minor break-in turned into a full blown political scandal. When first questioned about the situation in early 1973, Nixon denied all allegations that either he or any White House official was linked to the break-in. Later that year evidence was uncovered that linked several White House officials to the break-in, and/or the cover-up and concealment of the evidence. This information indicated that White House officials had attempted to involve the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the cover-up. The FBI connected cash found on the burglars to a slush fund[-gt;21] used by the Committee for the Re-Election of the President[-gt;22], the official organization of Nixons campaign. Watergate: chronology of a crisis 1. Washington D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Inc. pp. 8 133 140 180 188. ISBN[-gt;23] 0-87187-059-2[-gt;24]. OCLC[-gt;25] 20974031[-gt;26]. This book is volume one of a two-volume set. Both volumes share the same ISBN and Library of Congress call number, E859 . C62 1973The Smoking Gun Tape[-gt;27] (Transcript of the recording of a meeting between President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman). Watergate. info website. June 23, 1972. Retrieved 2013-05-03. In July 1973, as evidence mounted against the presidents staff, including testimony provided by former staff members in an investigation conducted by the Senate Watergate Committee[-gt;28], it was revealed that President Nixon had a tape-recording system in his offices and he had recorded[-gt;29] many conversations. The Watergate hearings: break-in and cover-up; proceedings. New York: Viking Press. ISBN[-gt;30] 0-670-75152-9[-gt;31]. The White House Transcripts. New York: Viking Press. ISBN[-gt;32] 0-670-76324-1[-gt;33]. OCLC[-gt;34] 1095702[-gt;35] Recordings from these tapes implicated the president, revealing he had attempted to cover up the questionable (and illegal) events that had taken place after the break-in. The Smoking Gun Tape[-gt;36] (Transcript of the recording of a meeting between President Nixon and H. R. Haldeman). Watergate. info website. June 23, 1972. Retrieved 2013-04-18. Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon. New York: Atheneum Publishers. pp. 7. ISBN[-gt;37] 0-689-10658-0[-gt;38]. In April of 1973, special prosecutor Archibald Cox was appointed to handle the case. Presidential Council, John W. Dean III became the chief witness against President Nixon in the court hearings. In the trial Dean admitted that he was a major part of the scandal and that Nixon did in fact know of the illegal activities being committed by his administration. Dean also testified that Nixon’s Administration had planned to use the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other government agencies to punish people who the White House had placed on a so-called enemies-lists. Dean served four months in prison for his part in the Watergate Scandal, but through his testimony a new door was opened into the scandal. Through further investigation it was discovered by Alexander P. Butterfield that President Nixon had made tape recordings of conversations with White House officials. When asked to release the tapes Nixon refused saying that he had a Constitutional right to keep the tapes confidential. He was later ordered by the court to hand the tapes over. Nixon offered to provide summaries of all the tapes but his idea was rejected and he was again ordered to hand over the original tapes. Infuriated by the court’s decision he ordered his Attorney General and his Deputy Attorney General to fire Cox. For their refusal to dismiss Cox, both Attorney General, Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General, William Ruckelshaus were fired. This series of dismissals by Nixon became known as the Saturday Night Massacre. When Cox was fired, Leon Jaworski was appointed to take his place. The firing of Cox however, did not work to Nixon’s advantage. In April of 1974, Jaworski ordered Nixon to release the tape recordings and documents of sixty-four White House conversations. By the end of April, Nixon had released 1,254 pages of transcripts from White House conversations. Jaworski however, was not satisfied; he wanted the original tapes. After a protracted series of bitter court battles, the U. S. Supreme Court[-gt;39] unanimously ruled that the president had to hand over the tapes to government investigators; and Nixon he ultimately complied. With the tapes at hand, Jaworski began the Watergate trial. In March of 1974, seven of Nixon’s former members of his administration and re-election committee were charged with conspiracy in the cover-up of the Watergate break-in. Among the seven were John D. Echrlichman, H. R. Haldeman, and John N. Mitchell. They were all found guilty of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. They were sentenced to two and a half to eight years in prison. Their prison terms were later reduced to just one to four years. G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt were also indicted for their involvement as plumbers and for their involvement in the break-in and cover-up of the scandal. They too were sentenced to one to four years in prison. In July 1974, the House Judiciary Committee voted to impeach President Nixon. They adopted three articles of impeachment: obstruction of justice, abusing presidential powers, and illegally withholding evidence from the judiciary committee. On August 5, 1974 Nixon released the final three transcripts of the White House conversations. These final three transcripts dated back to six days after the break-in. They revealed that Nixon had ordered the FBI to abandon its investigation of the break-in. Nixon ordered them to close the investigation for he feared that the FBI would discover the involvement of his campaign committee. After the release of the final three tapes Nixon lost nearly all his support in Congress and Nixon’s top aides advised him to resign the presidency. On August 9, 1974 President Richard M. Nixon followed their advice and resigned from the presidency to avoid being removed from office. Vice President Gerald R. Ford was sworn into office the same day. On September 8, 1974 President Ford pardoned Nixon of all federal crimes that he had committed while serving as the President of the United States. With President Nixons resignation, Congress dropped its impeachment proceedings. Criminal prosecution was still a possibility both on the Federal and State level. The Legal Aftermath Citizen Nixon and the Law[-gt;40]. TIME. August 19, 1974. Retrieved 2013-05-03. Nixon was succeeded[-gt;41] by Vice President Gerald Ford[-gt;42] as President, who on September 8, 1974, issued a full and unconditional pardon[-gt;43] of Nixon, immunizing him from prosecution for any crimes he had †¦committed or may have committed or taken part in†¦ as president. Gerald Fords Proclamation Granting a Pardon to Richard Nixon[-gt;44]. Ford. utexas. edu. Retrieved 2013-04-18. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interest of the country. Ford also said that the Nixon familys situation †¦is an American tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must. Gerald R. Ford Pardoning Richard Nixon. Great Speeches Collection. The History Place. Retrieved 2013-05-03. Nixon proclaimed his innocence until his death in 1994. In his official response to the pardon, he said that he was wrong in not acting more decisively in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy. Some commentators have argued that pardoning Nixon contributed to President Fords loss of the presidential election of 1976[-gt;45]. ( Shane, Scott. For Ford, Pardon Decision Was Always Clear-Cut. The New York Times. p. A1. ) Allegations of a secret deal made with Ford, promising a pardon in return for Nixons resignation, led Ford to testify before the House Judiciary Committee[-gt;46] on October 17, 1974. Silent coup: the removal of a president. New York: St. Martins Press. p. 420. ISBN[-gt;47] 0-312-05156-5[-gt;48]. OCLC[-gt;49] 22493143[-gt;50]. A time to heal: the autobiography of Gerald R. Ford. San Francisco: Harper Row. pp. 196–199. ISBN 0-06-011297-2[-gt;51]. In his autobiography A Time to Heal, Ford wrote about a meeting he had with Nixons Chief of Staff, Alexander Haig[-gt;52]. Haig was explaining what he and Nixons staff thought were Nixons only options. He could try to ride out the impeachment and fight against conviction in the Senate, or he could resign. Nixon’s options for resigning were to delay his resignation until further along in the impeachment process to try and settle for a censure vote in Congress, or to pardon himself and then resign. Haig told Ford that some of Nixons staff suggested that Nixon could agree to resign in return for an agreement that Ford would pardon him. The effect on the 1974 Senate election[-gt;53] and House election[-gt;54] three months later was significant[-gt;55]. The Democrats gained five seats in the Senate and forty-nine in the House. Watergate led to Congress passing legislation making changes in rules for campaign financing. The scandal contributed to Congress amending the Freedom of Information Act[-gt;56] in 1974, as well as to laws requiring new financial disclosures by key government officials, such as the Ethics in Government Act[-gt;57]. While not legally required, other types of personal disclosure, such as releasing recent income tax forms, became expected. Presidents since Franklin D. Roosevelt[-gt;58] had recorded many of their conversations, but after Watergate, this practice purportedly ended.