Essay about Gender and Race During the U.S. Occupation of...

The Fifteen-Year War was a time of great turmoil and uncertainty in Japan. Various facets of the country were tested and driven to their limits. During the occupation, race and gender began to evolve in ways that had not exactly be seen before. War had a tremendous impact on every part of the life of a Japanese citizen. Both men and women began to fill roles that were completely novel to them. Race became a part of the definition of who people were. As the war progressed and American troops landed on Japanese soil for occupation, more drastic changes occurred. Economic hardship and rations befell the people of the Land of the Rising Sun. Prostitution began to rear its ugly head and rape transpired. Through memory, research, and vivid†¦show more content†¦A prime example of this is Seita and Setsuko’s female cousin. There are several mentions during a portion of the film about her status as a worker. Her mother, Seita and Setsuko’s aunt, believes it to be patrio tic and work toward the country and war effort. There is nobility in working for the war, in it as a man of the military or on home soil as a woman. The aunt makes her opinion about this abundantly clear; her critique is hard to ignore. Her grueling dogging of the main protagonists also is a critique of gender roles. What she says is most often just as important as how she says it. Her tone is often militant even in nature, again emphasizing the importance of the war. She is a motivator and a drill sergeant. Japanese soil is as much a war zone as the places of actual war. Her role in the household is scattered with masculine traits. Setsuko’s and Seita’s hiatus of habitation under their aunt’s roof enabled a sense of independence happiness not seen before for Seita and Setusko. For example, she has Seita sell his mother’s kimono for rice. Control of finances is a facet of the male gender role. Yet she convinced Seita to sell the clothing with ease. In thi s is evidence that a woman with a set of masculine role traits is worth more or possesses greater power than a feminized male. In the end however, this double standard still exhibits a sense of inferiority for the female gender because a woman must change from whatShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights And Feminist Movements995 Words   |  4 Pagesprovided an equally important platform for social revolution. During this era countless social movements emerged, notably so the women’s rights and feminist movements. Tremendous gains were made for women throughout the century’s span, from suffrage, to equal pay, and the availability of contraceptives. One of the most complex feminist movements of the 20th century followed the period’s most tumultuous event: World War II. While under occupation by the United States the Japanese feminist movement flourishedRead MoreHow Did The Cold War Affect Asian American Experiences?1030 Words   |  5 Pagesegalitarian societies, and pr ompt the colored people inside and outside America to remain marginal between capitalism and communism. This inspired American policy makers to undermine their practice of discriminating the colored communities. Thus, during the 1960s America witnessed radicalization of anti-racism movements. The Cold War affected the Asian Americans in different ways. First and foremost, a vociferous call by Asian Americans against racism would invite condemnation of the white AmericansRead MoreAmerica s Significance Of World War II1789 Words   |  8 PagesItaly and also declared war on the United States three days after the attack. America had finally joined World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a shock, but Japan and the United States had been edging toward war for years. 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But no one believed that the Japanese wouldRead MoreEssay on Media Studies Dove1656 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The following report is on any popular television advertisement with regards to any of the following 3 categories †¢ Age †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Gender This report I will focus on the following topics. †¢ Breakdown of characters †¢ How characters are represented? †¢ Actions and dialogues of the characters †¢ The style (genre) of the advert and its focus – what is it selling? †¢ The impact that all of the above might have on perceptions, attitudes or actions of audience members For my assignmentRead MoreSegmentation Targetting and Positioning of Nike2257 Words   |  10 Pagespredominantly in one industry: the design, development, marketing and selling of athletic footwear, apparel, and equipment. Its reportable operating segments for the NIKE Brand are: North America, Western Europe, Central amp; Eastern Europe, Greater China, Japan, and Emerging Markets. 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This relationship started shortly after the American Civil War, when in 1869, the veryRead MoreThe Navajo Language : The American Indian War Essay2843 Words   |  12 PagesThe Navajo Language On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian’s must have seen as the Unites States Government (USG) made advances on their ancestral lands, threatening their very livelihood. As aRead MoreWomen During World War II1825 Words   |  8 Pages During World War II, women in the United States were seeing societal transitions that created a pathway for equality between the sexes. Women during the Second World War were given considerable opportunities in the workforce and armed services and restrictions previously set on women were breaking at the seams. Before World War II, women were seen as only house wives and mothers to their partners child. These societal roles for women also oppressed them and only at this time could men be theRead MoreThe American Indian War : The War Of 1812 And An Airline Jet Plan Crashing Into The Pentagon Essay2896 Words   |  12 PagesThe Review of History On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet plan crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian’s must have seen as the Unites States Government (USG) made advances on their ancestral lands, threatening their very livelihoodRead MoreMulticultural Education in a Pluralistic Society21691 Words   |  87 PagesPrentice-Hall/Merrill. Copyright  © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. lead poisoning. Outside, the playground was uninviting. There was no grass, the stench from local factories was overpowering, and the football field did not even have goalposts. During Mr. Juarez’s first few weeks, he found that the students were terrific. They were enthusiastic about being back in school. He had only enough textbooks for half the class, however, and no money in the budget to purchase more. Supplies were limited

Conflict and Power Assessing Power Imbalances Essay

Assessing Power Imbalances Introduction In today’s organizations conflict and power are important elements to the success of any company but can also create negative long term impacts if not addressed. Organizations require enough power within the leaders to get through conflict and enough conflict within individuals to create new innovations. Not all conflict is bad but when there is conflict individuals with power must assist in aligning conflict resolution to assist in understanding for everyone involved in the conflict. The need for successful conflict resolution is vital for employees so that they are capable of moving on and understanding why the conflict was overcome. Conflict In every organization there is a potential that†¦show more content†¦With conflict, â€Å"people can disapprove over outcomes, they can uphold the result so that no one loses or wins† (Nahavandi Malekzadeh 1998, p. 455). Power always plays a key role in conflict. Power struggles may be created by conflict as creativity is challenged in finding new innovations to enhance productivity and quality concerns. Time is a virtue and power struggles can cause misuse of time because employees are looking for ways to support their personal agendas creating a lack of productivity or effectiveness. â€Å"Empire-building, ego trips, favoritism, poor judgment, personal conflicts, demanding, complaining, and poor teamwork are often the outcome that may not be ideal for the economic benefit of an organization† (Daft, Murphy Willmott 2010, p. 536). Overall conflict will assist in optimizing the organizational effectiveness. The conflict within the organization streamlines innovative thinking as employees look for new ways to prove their stance on an agenda. Conflict that is mediated builds a higher level of trust within organizational leaders as employees are better guided through advice and communication. Conflict adds a competitive edge as employees within conflict are generally more productive. Even as conflict adds a higher level of tension it creates stronger teams that are more prepared to address conflict. Intergroup conflict is whenShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Revenue And The Number Of Homicides1402 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 7 DB 1 Introduction Today conflict theory is a significant theoretic custom within the field of sociology. It asserts that certain segments of society benefit excessively from proven economic and social arrangements, which leads them to hire the state s coercive force in upholding that imbalance. However this conception of disadvantage and power was initially a purely economic viewpoint, ethnic and racial identities have turn out to be an integral share of conflict theory as they are discussedRead MoreConflict : Conflict And Conflict1160 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a problematic situation that occurs between interdependent people who seek different goals or means to those goals. Conflict is inevitable as relationships become closer, more personal, and more interdependent, more conflicts occur, perceived trivial or minor complaints become more significant, and feelings become more intense. Conflict has many definitions (opposing viewpoints, when opponents engage in battle, going against one anothe r in some fashion, incompatibility between the objectivesRead MoreThe Us Surgucal Case837 Words   |  4 PagesGiven these data, identify what you believe were the high-risk financial statement items for the 1981 USSC audit. 4) What factors in the auditor-client relationship create a power imbalance in favor of the client? Discuss measures that the profession could take to minimize the negative consequences of this power imbalance. 5) Regarding the costs incurred for USSC by Barden, identify (a) the evidence Hope collected that supported USSC’s claim that the costs involved tooling modifications andRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1545 Words   |  7 Pageswhen France attempted to control Vietnam. The leader at the time was Ho Chi Minh, a well known communist, but a nationalist first. Minh fought for independence for his country, and eventually reached out to the United States for help resolving the conflict. He sent Truman eight letters asking for support; instead of helping the Vietnamese, Truman instead sent military support, in the form of money, to France. In this instance, Truman was being irrational, because he openly stated he did not supportRead MoreThe Rights Of Our Nation950 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we haven’t needed to be in. Although upholding the blessings of liberty wherever they may be violated is paramount to the American way of life, it is not as important as the welfare of our nation. By voluntarily getting involved in foreign conflicts we do just that, and put the safety of our nation in jeopardy, both by creating unnecessary enemies, and giving up thousands of young American lives for nothing, but policing the world. 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Recycling Motivation A look at the factors shaping Essay Example For Students

Recycling Motivation A look at the factors shaping Essay recycling habits Recycling Motivation: A look at the factors shaping recycling habits The United States generates more solid waste each year than any than any other nation. The total cost of disposing of this waste has reached nearly $75 billion annually. Only 17% of the municipal solid waste is recycled in the United States, compared with 40% in Japan and up to 60% in some Western European countries (Oskamp et al., 1995). Americas landfill system for disposing of this waste is quickly reaching its limits, and managing this waste is becoming increasingly costly and problematic. There are two solutions available for this problem: reduce the amount of waste originally generated or to increase recycling (Porter et al., 1995). In focusing on the second solution to this problem, I have chosen to investigate how factors such as a persons age, income, gender, education, region and that regions environmental public policy affect their attitudes and behaviors towards recycling. A key to understanding how these factors affect a persons attitudes and behaviors towards recycling is to determine how strongly their behaviors are dependant on their attitudes. Concern about the environment has been identified, as measured in public opinion polls, as a concern of a clear majority of the American public (Guagnano Markee, 1995). However, since the 1970s the connection between proenvironmental attitudes and recycling attitudes has fallen to statistically insignificant levels. Because more people are recycling today, and doing so for more reasons than just altruistic concern for the environment, the relationship between general environmental concern and recycling seems to have diminished or disappeared (Schultz et al., 1995). Because of this lack of correlation we cannot use general environmental concern as a predictor of recycling behavior. However, relevant specific attitudes have consistently been found to correlate with recycling behavior. Research findings regarding the relationship between recycling attitudes and recycling behaviors have been generally consistent with general attitude-behavior theories, showing a significant, though relatively small relationship (Schultz et al., 1995). In explaining what ideas other than pure environmentalism shape peoples recycling attitudes Huhtala sites reasons given in his surveys which were not purely environmental. Recycling was also seen to represent a viable alternative for a throw-away societys wasteful lifestyle (1999). In addition to the growing number of materials being recycled today, there have been changes in the typical types of recycling programs, from short-term campaigns and drop off programs, to voluntary curb-side collection, and later to community wide recycling, with recycled materials either being separated by the household or commingled (placed in a single container, rather than separated by type). Despite procedural differences, most recycling programs have one thing in common reliance on individual participation (Shultz et al.,1995). In attempting to develop reliable and sustainable ways to reduce the amount of trash buried in landfills, scientists, policy-makers, and community leaders need to understand the factors that lead people to recycle. One specific attitude that has been clearly shown to affect behavior is satisfaction (or lack thereof) with local environmental conditions and governmental environmental policies. Individuals dissatisfaction with the condition of the environment and their expectation of positive changes in the quality of their environment predicted their subsequent level of participation in environmental activism. So, regarding the connection between attitude and behavior, dissatisfaction or annoyance with environmental problems can be seen as a motivational factor leading to activism. It can also prove to be a significant determinant of environmentally friendly behaviors, such as recycling (Pelletier et al., 1996). Dissatisfaction with governmental policies can also prove to be a significant motivator of environmentally friendly behaviors and activism. .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .postImageUrl , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:hover , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:visited , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:active { border:0!important; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:active , .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f0a2e6cf5b180a244941d138e323d7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Landcare Revegetation Essay Lower levels of satisfaction with government environmental policies were associated with the more self-determined forms of motivation underlying environmentally friendly behaviors (e.g., frequency of purchasing environmentally friendly products, conserving, and recycling) (Pelletier et al., 1996). The broadest factor affecting recycling is the region of the nation in which the subjects live. And while geographic region does not appear to have consistent additive effects, it does interact with other sociodemographic variables to influence environmental concern. Of the respondents, to Guagnano and Markees survey on regional differences, those who were over 65 years of age had significantly higher levels of trust in business, industry and politicians to protect .

Race and Ethinicity free essay sample

What do the terms race and ethnicity mean to you? To me race is the characterized word used from the color of skin, but needless to say that is not what means is. Race true definition is divided between species. The Haman Race and Animal Race. I always see myself correcting people when they scream out racism to a color of skin and trying to explain to them that racism is the hatred between the human or animal. I think a lot of people get the word race confused with prejudtice. Race first started out by breeding of different animals to make a human race in scientific eyes. Ethnicity to me is the background, the foundation or the structure you come from. Ethnicity falls in the categorize part of the color of skin. Basically on a job application, government documents or government tests ask you for your ethic background. Meaning if you are black you pick African American, if you are white you pick Caucasian. We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethinicity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ethnicity can also mean the different types of food you eat as well. Mexican, Asian, French, American are all different type of Ethic countries. This is just my opinion about the two but it very well mistaken because the uneducated people of different countries don’t want to really know the truth. In the United State society I think as I have stated above that they have race and ethnicity backwards. A lot of people think Race is a color and not a species and then Ethnicity they don’t even know the words exist. Some American’s need to be educated before they speak of words that they do not know the meaning of.

Feminism In Frankenstein essays

Feminism In Frankenstein essays When reading Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, one cannot help but notice that the women characters seem to have little substance compared to the male characters. This may have been caused by the time period in which she wrote: one in which females was considered to be inferior to males. There are many factors in this novel which contribute to the portrayal of feminism. The three points which contribute greatly are, the female characters are there only to reflect the male characters, women are seen as possessions for men to protect, and finally women in the novel are portrayed as stereotypical women in that time period. Mary Shelleys novel portrays feminist qualities, and is a feminist novel. Firstly, the female characters in the novel are there only to reflect the male characters. To start, in the novel itself, no women speak directly. The book has three basic narrators: Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and Frankenstein's monster. The female characters are very weak in this novel, especially Elizabeth, Victor's cousin/fianc. She is portrayed as the perfect woman, especially after Victor's mother, Caroline dies. She takes the place of the mother figure in the household. Secondly, just like all the female characters in the story, Elizabeths character has little substance. Victor's character is described in detail, as is that of the monster, and Henry Clerval. When Henry gets killed, sympathy is really felt toward Victor, because he has just lost his lifetime friend. When Elizabeth is murdered, the reader finds it hard to connect with what Frankenstein is feeling. Elizabeth (and the other main female characters: Justine and Caroline) are there to reflect the men charac ters. Lastly, women function not in their own right but somewhat of a passage for men's relations with other men. This is especially clear when the monster kills Elizabeth on their wedding night. The monster is upset with Victor, so instead of hurting ...

The Ancient Toltec Trade and Economy

The Ancient Toltec Trade and Economy The Toltec Civilization dominated central Mexico from about 900 - 1150 A.D. from their home city of Tollan (Tula). The Toltecs were mighty warriors who spread the cult of their greatest god, Quetzalcoatl, to the far corners of Mesoamerica. Evidence at Tula suggests that the Toltecs had a trade network and received goods from as far away as the Pacific coast and Central America, either through trade or tribute. The Toltecs and the Postclassic Period The Toltecs were not the first Mesoamerican civilization to have a trade network. The Maya were dedicated merchants whose trade routes reached far from their Yucatan homeland, and even the ancient Olmec - the mother culture of all of Mesoamerica - traded with their neighbors. The mighty Teotihuacan culture, which was pre-eminent in central Mexico from about 200-750 A.D., had an extensive trade network. By the time the Toltec culture reached prominence, military conquest and subjugation of vassal states were on the rise at the expense of trade, but even wars and conquest stimulated cultural exchanges. Tula as a Center of Trade It is difficult to make observations about the ancient Toltec city of Tollan (Tula) because the city was extensively looted, first by the Mexica (Aztecs) before the arrival of the Europeans, and then by the Spanish. Proof of extensive trade networks may have therefore been carried off long ago. For example, although ​jade was one of the most important trade materials in ancient Mesoamerica, only one jade piece has been found at Tula. Nevertheless, archaeologist Richard Diehl has identified pottery from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Campeche and Guatemala at Tula, and found potsherds traced to the Veracruz region. Shells from the Atlantic and Pacific have also been excavated at Tula. Surprisingly, the Fine Orange pottery associated with the contemporary Totonac culture has not been found at Tula. Quetzalcoatl, God of Merchants As the major deity of the Toltecs, Quetzalcoatl wore many hats. In his aspect of Quetzalcoatl - Ehà ©catl, he was the god of wind, and as Quetzalcoatl - Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli he was the bellicose God of the Morning Star. The Aztecs venerated Quetzalcoatl as (among other things) the god of merchants: the post-conquest Ramirez Codex mentions a feast dedicated to the god by traders. The principal Aztec god of trade, Yacatechutli, has been traced to earlier roots as a manifestation of either Tezcatlipoca or Quetzalcoatl, both of whom were worshiped at Tula. Given the Toltecs fanatical devotion to Quetzalcoatl and that gods later association with the merchant class by the Aztecs (who themselves regarded the Toltecs as the apogee of civilization), it is not unreasonable to surmise that trade played an important role in Toltec society. Trade and Tribute The historical record seems to suggest that Tula did not produce much in the way of trade goods. A great deal of utilitarian Mazapan-style pottery has been found there, suggesting that Tula was, or was not far from, a place that produced it. They also produced stoneware bowls, cotton textiles, and items fashioned from obsidian, such as blades. Bernardino de Sahagà ºn, a colonial era chronicler, claimed that the people of Tollan were skilled metalworkers, but no metal not of later Aztec origin has been found at Tula. It is possible that the Toltecs dealt in more perishable items like food, cloth or woven reeds which would have deteriorated with time. The Toltec did have significant agriculture and possibly exported part of their crops. In addition, they had access to a rare green obsidian found near present-day Pachuca. There is the possibility that the warlike Toltecs produced relatively little themselves, instead relying on conquered vassal states to send them goods as tribute. Tula and the Gulf Coast Traders Toltec scholar Nigel Davies believed that during the Postclassic era trade was dominated by the different cultures of Mexicos Gulf Coast, where mighty civilizations had risen and fallen since the days of the ancient Olmec. During Teotihuacns age of dominance, shortly before the rise of the Toltecs, the gulf coast cultures had been an important force in Mesoamerican commerce, and Davies believes that the combination of Tulas location in the center of Mexico, their low production of trade goods, and their reliance on tribute over commerce placed the Toltecs at the fringes of Mesoamerican trade at the time (Davies, 284). Sources: Charles River Editors. The History and Culture of the Toltec. Lexington: Charles River Editors, 2014. Cobean, Robert H., Elizabeth Jimà ©nez Garcà ­a and Alba Guadalupe Mastache. Tula. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012. Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Davies, Nigel. The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.

Legal Perspective on Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Perspective on Euthanasia - Term Paper Example Nevertheless, even the issue of going through legal proceedings becomes contentious in several instances because some individuals think that the ‘right to die’ must be decided personally (Devettere 70). Even though individuals with these thoughts may seek advice from medical professionals or spiritual counselor, the concept of a legal resolution is detested because the act of placing the decision on another person meddles with a person’s rights to liberty and freewill. Numerous legal cases concerning euthanasia use the U.S. Constitution to support their judgments. They refer to privacy and liberty rights, protected by the Constitution, as the basis for a person’s right to decide how and when death should take place. Numerous individuals and groups supporting euthanasia claim that the reasonable step to take in the future is to constitutionally guarantee the ‘right to die’ (Keown 89). Even though legal decisions that support euthanasia somehow s et precedents which advocates can eventually use in future cases, making euthanasia legal would offer stronger protection under the constitution. Critics of euthanasia, in contrast, assert that euthanasia must not be legalized. This essay critically analyzes the legal perspective on euthanasia. Euthanasia: An Overview When patients and their loved ones see misery and intolerable pain, disagreement usually occurs between patients and their families, who want to put an end to misery, and medical practitioners, who are instructed to save human lives. This disagreement focuses on the notion of euthanasia and its value in the contemporary period. The issue of euthanasia forces an individual to face the greatest fear of human beings—death. The legal system has confronted it and has made progress in establishing certain rules to help decision makers in this issue; unfortunately, there is still a long way to go. Society should be safeguarded from the undesirable possibilities related to allowing the taking out of life-support mechanisms. Society cannot permit the complicated matters related to this issue to be underestimated to the point where it is simply recognized that life can be subjectively or instinctively terminated. The law should make sure that the patient’s constitutional rights are protected, while preserving society’s concern for life, and strengthening the integrity of health care professionals. During a medical emergency, it is impractical to instruct a health care provider to first check the patient’s clinical record for prior instructions before addressing the patient’s urgent needs (Pozgar 124). Ultimately, the limits of patient’s rights are still quite vague. Over time, euthanasia has become a subject matter with opposing moral, medical, and legal repercussions. Today, there are passionate campaigns supporting dignified death, which prohibits tubes, monitors, machines, and other technical equipment (Biggs 15 ). Even the definition of ‘euthanasia’ has evolved over time. Euthanasia is generally defined as â€Å"the mercy killing of the hopelessly ill, injured, or incapacitated† (Pozgar 124). In the 1870s, literature on euthanasia started to surface, mostly in the United States and England. Even though this literature was written, primarily, by ordinary people, medical professionals and the public started to pay attention to the issues posed by euthanasia (Biggs 25). During that time, euthanasia is viewed as

New House Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New House Decision - Essay Example This paper will assess the consequences brought about by economics on every major decision we made. Furthermore, this will show the important things to be considered in buying a house with a purpose of helping anyone who is in the quest of deciding to purchase one. Economic Principles The first thing to be accounted for is the opportunity cost. McConnell & Brue (2005) defined opportunity cost simply as the value of the forgone opportunity to obtain something else when coming up to a decision. Opportunity costs include the possible gains from investing the same amount of money in a business or stock market instead of using it to pay for the down payment (Derrick, 2009). To obtain a house would mean foregoing the chance of earning interest from a possible investment using the same money. It would also mean foregoing the opportunity of going to a postgraduate program or a doctorate one. There were actually several things one forgoes in deciding to buy a new house. Another thing to consi der is the tradeoffs, from which opportunity cost arises. According to McConnell & Brue (2005), trade off is when you give up one thing to attain more of something else. It is more likely the same with the opportunity cost. The difference is that trade off is the decision itself while opportunity cost concerns the value of the thing given up. In decision making, most of the time, one has to choose an option rationally. In the case, one either has to choose between buying a house or not. If one will opt to purchase a house, his ability to buy another good declines. For example, if one chooses to get the house located near to his or her office, a part of the savings will be lost which could intently be used in buying clothes. So, she will buy fewer clothes, or worse, she will not buy anymore since the same amount of money was used to get the house. Another example would be the same amount used to buy a house could be spent in sending a child to a prestigious school. To others, purchas ing a house would mean sacrificing the education of their children. To arrive at a decision, one has to consider the benefits over the costs. Since buying a house is a life-changing decision, one must think of it carefully. Purchasing a house offers the soon-to-be homeowner long-term financial-related benefits like tax savings. Some people even agreed that it’s the best investment to make. Quealy & Tse (2010) said that â€Å"property taxes, the interest part of the mortgage payment, and in some cases, a portion of the common charges, are tax deductible.† Basically, homeowners can deduct mortgage interest, points or the charges by the mortgage lender, equity loan interest of up to $100, 000, home improvement loan interest, mortgage tax credit, and real estate tax or often called as property taxes. Mortgage interest deduction can be the largest among all other deductibles since one can deduct up to $1 million. When one takes a loan for major house improvement, he or she can deduct the interest payment without any limit, provided that the said improvement adds value to the house. To sum it all, it will be a huge tax savings. However, these tax deductibles can only be claimed if deductions are itemized rather than standard deduction. Another incentive a homeowner can get is that the values of real estates, over the years, have appreciated. Along with this is the fact that the value of the house appreciates. The costs to be incurred in purchasing,

Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration Essay Example for Free

Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration Essay As the world becomes increasingly globalised, we observe a rising trend where individuals migrate for educational and economic opportunities. The prestige of being educated in a highly ranked university and the prospects of higher paying jobs are definitely important pull factors for both internal and international migration (Welch, 1970). When people move, they also transfer the use of their existing linguistic repertoire to their host country. However, what might have been effective at home might be interpreted differently when placed in different socioeconomic contexts. Hence, the relative value of linguistic repertoire one possesses and how mobile are one’s language skills in the world determines how a migrant interacts with a new community. Consequently, this paper seeks to provide insight on how the relative value of linguistic resources affects one’s mobility and decisions in community interactions. Drawing on Blommaert’s study on the sociolinguistics of globalisation, this discussion will focus on how an individual’s linguistic repertoire is being used to one’s advantage within the community. It also highlights the changes which occur when one attempts to transfer the same linguistic repertoire as the shift to a place of varying cultural and linguistic ability. As Blommaert suggests, â€Å"placed resources are resources that are functional in one particular place but can become dysfunctional as soon as they are moved to other places† (Blommaert, 2003). Essentially, this essay seeks to expound on the changes of one’s linguistic repertoire and how it affects one’s interactions with new communities resulting from migration. Linguistic repertoire refers to linguistic varieties acquired by an individual to different degrees of proficiency and for different uses (Crystal, 1990). The acquisition of linguistic repertoire thus extends not only to the procurement of different types of language codes like English and Hindi, but also the speech styles and genres within each language. In light of this definition, this paper chooses to trace how one’s use of language repertoire might change in the context of internal migration and international migration. With this in mind, a migrant from India who experienced both types of migration was chosen. India boasts twenty-two official languages as per the Constitution of India, where English is determined as the secondary official language and is used as lingua franca throughout India. Within the context of this paper, the experiences of the migrant serve to provide personal insight on language mobility within the transmigrational arena. Research methodology and background of interviewee With this in mind, a fifty minute interview was carried out on 16th October 2012 to gather substantial data in order to provide a comparison between internal and international migration. The sole participant is Joshua Cherian, aged 24 who is currently pursuing a postgraduate education in Singapore. He was born and raised in Kerala, Southern India, after which he moved to Jamshedpur, Northern India to pursue a tertiary education before working in New Delhi. He was taught English at a young age and learnt Hindi during university, while his mother tongue is Malayalam. During the interview, questions were asked ranging from the interviewee’s experiences of language acquisition and his experiences in India and Singapore to language policies in India. Utilising his personal insights on adapting to different communities and observing it through the concepts provided in Blommaert’s study, the relative value of linguistic repertoire consequently becomes more obvious not only from country to country but also within different areas of the community. Language repertoire in internal migration Within India, it is said to have a de-facto three plus minus one language policy. Those who neither speak the language of the state nor the two official languages, English and Hindi, now have to grapple with learning four languages in order to pass the school systems and secure jobs within the modern sector (Laitin. D, 1989). Consequently, many people who migrate in the pursuit of education or jobs find it necessary to expand their language repertoire in order to compete for the chance of upward socioeconomic mobility within India. Joshua notes that: â€Å"There is a divide between the corporate world and industrial world, where managers and people in multinational companies speak in english, but those in manufacturing speak Hindi in work. In the north of India everyone speaks Hindi, so I had to learn Hindi. When I worked in Delhi, I spoke mostly Hindi in my workplace, because I am a manager of labourers and those who just passed tenth standard, they just need to make something so they don’t need English. People who do software need to interact with clients overseas, so it is important for them to speak English.† Due the demands of his job, Joshua was required to expand his language repertoire to include fluent Hindi in order to communicate with his subordinates effectively. Although English could have sufficed in interacting with white-collar professionals, learning Hindi would have enabled Joshua to ensure a smooth running of operations that he was in charge with. As such, it is observed that migrants tend to expand their language repertoire within internal migration according to which languages are most functional within their community. Furthermore, an expansion of linguistic repertoire also affects one’s interaction the community. As immigrants acquire proficiency in more languages, there is a tendency to broaden their participation in various communities within the area that they have settled in. This is especially evident in Joshua’s recount: â€Å"In India you would have to know many languages in order to fit into different communities. University students will use English because it is prestigious. It shows you are well educated. Outside of the education system, everyone speaks their own dialect or their own state language. I used to hang out with many friends when I was studying in Jamshedpur who came from all over India. I also managed to become my student governing body’s president, so speaking the many languages helped me reach out to a lot of people.† Even though migrants who migrate within their home country experience a new environment, there are common cultural familiarities that they can relate to by being in the same country. Naturally, this allows them to assimilate into the communities easily since they already share similar cultural and national identities. Rather, this pre-existing factor enables immigrants like Joshua to interact with different groups of people. Such a preference is also extremely beneficial to an individual within a new community as they are able to called upon a large network of acquaintances should they need help in the future. Hence, the broadening of one’s interaction with many communities would be positively correlated to the acquisition of language repertoire because both serve the same purpose of helping the migrant assimilate well into the new environment they are in. Language Repertoire in International Migration In contrast to internal migration, one’s use of language repertoire might decrease across different geographical spaces. It is noted that international migration denotes a shift to a foreign culture in which the values placed upon certain languages is different from one’s original country. As such, many migrants would utilise a language within their repertoire that is widely used in the world. Joshua relates his experience moving from India to Singapore: â€Å"When I first arrived in Singapore, everything was easy for me to get used to because I was already proficient in English. Even if I needed help, I could just approach anyone and they would reply me in English. I don’t even Hindi anymore because the friends and people I meet with speak only in English. Perhaps it is because there are so many races here so communication needs to be in a common language. Although I have friends from India here, they never speak in their mother tongue! Everyone would rather speak in English than Hindi! Despite Joshua’s extensive language repertoire, he only speaks in English in Singapore, thereby showing a decrease in language repertoire employed in daily life. In most cases of international migration, migrants often move from the ‘periphery’ to the ‘core’ of the world system. As one attempts to transfer one’s language repertoire from one country to another, the languages employed more frequently within the core global system would be more mobile compared to other languages. In particular, because Singapore is a multi-racial community, it requires English as a lingua franca in order to achieve cohesiveness and efficiency. Consequently, rather than expanding one’s linguistic repertoire to gain access to every community, a migrant in Singapore need only focus on speaking proficient English, which subsequently narrows his language repertoire within the host country. Parallel to one’s decrease in language repertoire, it is observed that migrants narrow their participation to a few communities that they are comfortable with. While migrants who migrate internally tend to broaden their participation in a wide array of communities, people who migrate internationally prefer to focus their efforts in interacting with a particular community where they feel most comfortable with. Joshua, expresses that: â€Å" I like to be in a place where I can interact with people well. When I came to Singapore, everybody spoke â€Å"Singlish†. It was especially hard for me to understand the jokes of my Singaporean friends. Thats why I wanted to be in a Christian group, so I went around to look for churches and even joined the varsity christian fellowship. Then I found a church cell group to be in and we could talk about common things, at least everyone there understands what I am going through when I talk about my struggles and life. I don’t meet with the Indian community much because everyone here speaks English anyway and I am more comfortable speaking in English, so when I talk about God and faith, I don’t get any puzzled looks when I am with church people† For most immigrants, being in a foreign community could be unsettling because there exists stark differences in culture that they might not understand. In Joshua’s case, not being able to understand Singlish hindered his active participation in various communities, especially in understanding humour within the sociocultural context of Singaporean society. As such, by participating in communities with specific shared beliefs that the migrant can identify with, it could be easier for him to assimilate into a new environment. Communities with shared beliefs also tend to share a similar use of register in their daily speech. Drawing on Joshua’s case of finding a christian community, a christian setting could be more comfortable for him because he understands the semantics of words such as â€Å"communion† and â€Å"faith† used frequently in that community. Additionally, by narrowing one’s participation to few communities, individuals would have more time to spend more effort on forging closer relationships within a particular communities. This in turn could be more beneficial to the migrant as this niche area of society provides a source of emotional support for the migrant in order to cope with the anxiety of being away from home. Conclusion What Joshua has experienced demonstrates the constant change of the value of language resources as he shifts between places in migration. This relative value of one’s linguistic resources is largely due to cultural and socioeconomic factors that have shaped the community to place emphasis on certain languages and speech styles. As such, an immigrant’s increase or decrease language repertoire is largely affected by the placed importance of certain languages within their host communities. In conclusion, this paper has asserts that language mobility is profoundly affected by the changing values of linguistic resources which vary from place to place, especially when there is a shift of resources from the periphery to the core of the world system. Whether one participates in a wide number of communities or chooses to focus their efforts in a single community depends on a change in one’s use of his language repertoire. References 0. Blommaert, J. (2003). Commentary: A Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7/4, 2003: 607-623 0. Crystal, D. (1990). A Liturgical Language in a Sociolinguistic Perspective. In D. R.C.D. Jasper (eds),Language and the worship of the church (Basingstoke: Macmillan), 120-46 0. Laitin D. D. (1989). Language Policy and Political Strategy in India. Policy Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 3/4, Policymaking in Developing Countries (1989), pp. 415-436 0. Welch F. (1970). ‘Education in Production, Journal of Political Economy, 78 (1), January/February, 35-59

Myths and Legends of Japan :: essays research papers

Myths and Legends of Japan Japan has many myths believed to be true by the Japanese culture. Such as: "You can tell a person's character from their blood type". The Japanese creation myth starts off with brother and sister gods Izanagi and Izanani. They dipped a spear into the churning sea and when they pulled it out the drops that fell on the water surface became the islands of Japan. Next the sun goddess Amaterasu, was created and was soon sent to heaven to rule over the world. She some time ago left the universe in darkness and chaos. Amaterasu sent her grandson to calm Japan, giving him the sacred mirror, sword, and jewel, which became imperial motifs. In Japanese mythology there are a lot of things that can make up a myth. Japanese myths frequently include serpents in them. There are tales of woman turning into snakes. Not all myths are about snakes. But most of the time when people think about Japanese mythology, they might think of snakes because they are so closely connected with the Japanese myths ordinarily. There are two different types of snake women; ones that are evil are ones that are good. One closely related story to the snake woman is that there is a palace under the sea at the very depth: â€Å" A snake woman lives there who is believed to be the daughter of the sea god. Any man who goes down and meets her there she marries and she takes good care of them. When the man has to return to his world she gives him special powers or wealth. There is a story of a snake woman that every Japanese school child knows. It starts with a young boy fishing one night and catches a multicolored turtle and he brings it home. The next morning he wakes up, not to see the turtle but a beautiful woman in place of it. He is then asked by the snake woman to come down to the sea and live with him. He lives with her for three years and he gets homesick so he asks the snake woman if he can return home. She says yes and gives him a box and she says if you want to come back down and live with me again then you cannot open the box. The turtle then guides him back to his village.

False Claims

Rgtgfggdgdfsgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggg gggggggggggggggg gggggg dfdfdf fdfdfdf dfdfdfdf dfdfdfdf ffdfdfd dfdfdfdf dfdf fdfdfdf d dff dddwsassee eeerrr errerer rerwren e rr er e re re rer e rer e r ere r er ert rtytytuy tyu ty ty u yuyuty ty rt yrtyrtyrt t yty try ty rty try rty rt yrt rtughuuhhihuihuh ewwewewe wewewe ttttt rrrrrr 45 45 45 njknjk hnjh lkl kl kl k mnkmnk nkn klj kj kj kj k jkj kjkj dffdf dfdfd t rt rtrtrdfdfdfdftrrt rtrt rtrt ererererre yty tytyt ererer er iujiuiu jk jk jk jk j It’s normal and therefore acceptable to have mistakes and undeveloped sections in your first draft. However, if you don’t understand the criteria or the mistakes I’ve pointed out, please see me. If you have many areas marked â€Å"no evidence,† don’t try to revise your first draft; it’ll be easier to start over.The problem section eventually needs to include all of the following, so me of which may be in the same paragraph though others will take several paragraphs: A. an anecdote (a story that illustrates the problem—this should be your first paragraph); this’ll be in a your own words today, but in later drafts you’ll quote the original; B. a definition and description of the problem–an explanation of what it is; define key terms; C. relevant background (maybe scientific or historic); D. the size/scope of the problem (usually, the number of cases in a given time frame for a given area as well as some statistics on how wide spread the problem is); E. consequences of the problem (what happens as a result of the problem, which could include multiple.

Motivation-Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg Two Factor

I intend to explore Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg two factory theories and indentify the key differences that exist between them, and explain how they can be applied by managers to motivate staff. Both are examples of content theories, a content theory is one where â€Å"we can attribute a similar set of needs to all individuals† ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 193) Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is essentially based on a pyramid depicting the different types of needs that one has. At the bottom of the hierarchy are the physiological needs, these are the subsistence needs that one needs to survive such as food, warmth clothing and shelter.The next stage up from there is the security needs, this is concerned with the need that humans have of feeling safe and away from danger. Progressing from there is the social needs, this focuses on the needs of â€Å"giving and receiving affliativeness, belonging and love† (Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Above that y ou have the self-esteem needs which are meeting the needs that one has for â€Å"achievement, independence and freedom†( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Finally at the top are self-actualisation needs, which relates to the need of one being able to fulfil his or her full potential.If all prior needs before this stage are satisfied this can prove to be an influential source of our motivation as made evident by â€Å"Maslow contends that if we have met the other four basic needs, the need for self-actualization is ‘potent' enough to serve as our primary motivator for all behavior†. ( Oleson, 2004). The theory therefore suggests that we are first motivated by our basic needs, once this is achieved, our behaviour is focused on satisfying our safety needs, once this is achieved we look to fulfil our esteem needs, and so on and so forth.Showing that once one level is achieved, it will have little influence in motivating us, but rather it would be the above stage in the pyramid. Therefore indicating it would not be sufficient for managers just to pay employees to motivate them, as employees who have satisfied their physiological needs, they would be seeking to achieve their safety needs, from there they would be looking to satisfy social needs and so on, implying that employees would be continuously looking to fulfil more and more of their needs, â€Å"this means that employers can never do too much. Employers should strive to create opportunities for employees to satisfy as many of the needs from the pyramid as possible. For example for employees to satisfy their social needs, employers may wish to introduce more frequent group projects, or organise sports activities. To cater for the esteem needs managers may consider delegating authority to them, as this would reflect that they have faith in the competency of the worker, alternatively managers can provide the employee with the opportunity to develop their skills or qualification via trainin g at the expense of the firm, this would make the employee feel valued.Managers can use Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, to indentify which needs believe they are satisfying and this would help managers to determine which needs are yet to be satisfied, and these unfulfilled needs will become the motivator. I will now begin to discuss Herzberg’s two factor theory which was developed through interviewing 200 accountants and engineers. The theory implies that â€Å"that humans have two different sets of needs and that the different elements of the work situation satisfies or dissatisfies these needs†. ( Anderson, Gudmundson, Lundberg, 2008).The first element is referred to as the hygiene factors and relate to the â€Å"working conditions, salary, job security, company policy, supervisors and interpersonal relations† ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005). Herzberg claimed if these factors were absent it would lead to dissatisfaction, but the mere existence of such conditio ns would not lead to increased motivation. Whereas the most intrinsic aspects of work that led to recognition, achievement and advancement were discovered to be the sources of employee satisfaction, and as such were referred to as motivators.This indicates that satisfaction and dissatisfaction arises through two different aspects of the job, one mainly concerning the work conditions, and the other the actual job itself. The theory differs to that of Maslow’s as it does not recognise pay as being a motivator but rather a hygiene factor. This means that managers who are to implement the teachings under this model should not use high salaries as a means of them trying to stimulate motivation, but should rather improve the intrinsic aspects of the job in order to enable an individual to satisfy needs of achievement, recognition etc.However, I mentioned before that the theory was established through the responses of accountants and engineers, both are well renowned and well paid m iddle class posts, meaning that under Maslow’s hierarchy of needs their basic are already likely to be fulfilled hence there is no real surprise why this did not appear as a motivator, and therefore does not contradict Maslow’s theory but rather reinforces it. A ifferent outcome may have occurred if Herzberg used professions that are not so well paid to the extent where it would be difficult for one to satisfy basic needs, such as workers in less economically developed countries that are subject to exploitation. Social needs which appear in the middle of Maslow’s hierarchy are only referred to as hygiene factors, therefore highlighting a difference of opinion between the two theories.This would be reflected in the actions taken by managers to motivate employees. Managers who are to follow the two factor theory may try and ensure that the employees are exposed to an environment where workers can socialise, as failing to do this would lead to dissatisfaction.Where as in the case for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs managers would perceive the fulfilment of social needs to act as a motivator, and therefore they may put a greater emphasis on trying to achieve this through frequent group projects, outings, and sports activities, when compared to Herzberg’s theory. What Herzberg has referred to as motivators do coincide with the self-esteem needs under Maslow, considering that they are both satisfied by common conditions such as achievement and recognition.As a result of these findings from both theories, there seems to be fairly strong evidence to suggest that employees gain a greater a deal of satisfaction from the intrinsic aspects of the job, as this is what ultimately leads to feelings of achievement, which seems to be a source through which employees gain motivation from both theories, therefore, suggesting that an effective tactic that managers can use to incite motivation within employees is to change the nature of their roles so as to incorporate opportunities where they can gain senses of achievement.This can perhaps be achieved by challenging employees, recognising their good work via reward such as promotion. Having analysed both theories, I have discovered that there are both similarities and differences between them. For example both theories assume that individuals have the same set of needs, and they also recognise that if the higher level psychological needs are satisfied such as achievement, recognition, employees would become motivated. However, where the two theories differ are with the issue of hygiene and motivators.Maslow’s hierarchy effectively perceives all levels of the pyramid as the sources of motivation if they are yet to be fulfilled, whereas Herzberg made the distinction between sources of dissatisfaction and motivation. This theory may make managers reconsider their subordinate’s job structure particularly when their ambition is to motivate staff. Under Herzberg work co nditions would not constitute as a motivator this is contrary to Maslow’s hierarchy which recognises that pay and the need to feel safe do act as sources motivation.This shows how the behaviour of managers may be different when following either of the theories. Inciting motivation from employees requires constant effort, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs stresses that once a level is achieved the influence of that level on our motivation diminished, and if we focus on the two factor theory we would also come to realise that for employees to become motivated i. e. through satisfying senses of advancement, recognition etc, managers would therefore have to continuously seek ways of adapting the intrinsic aspects of the job to cater for such needs to be fulfilled.References Anderson T. D, Gudmundson A, Lundberg C. (2009). ‘Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism’ Tourism Management. Volume 30 Issue 6, pages 890-899. Fincham, R. and Rhodes, P. (2005). Principles of Organizational Behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press Oleson, M. (2004). ‘Exploring the relationship between money attitudes and Maslow's hierarchy of needs’ International Journal Of consumer studies, Volume 28, pages 83-92.

Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essays

Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essays Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essay Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essay Introduction: What is a drone? The US section of defence provinces that. a drone. or remote-controlled aircraft. is an â€Å"aircraft or balloon that does non transport a human operator and is capable of flight under remote control or autonom ous scheduling. †1 It’s a fact that drones are introduced to the universe in recent clip. and at that place started a important argument but its beginning can be traced atleast to World war1. 2 Although drones are largely related to Asia after 2004 but throughout the 20th century. nevertheless. they were used chiefly for surveillance. most notably during the Gulf War and the struggle in the Balkans in the 1990s. 3 After 9/11 drones started its function in the war on panic and the frist drone was flown in Afghanistan in ocotber 2001. 4 Since so. the US has increased its armory of Predator drones from 167 in 2002 to more than 7. 000 today. 5 US Positions About drones: War on panic started to securitize people from terrorists and drones are the chief equipment to securitize people. Harmonizing to US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta â€Å" Drones onslaughts protected Pakistan people every bit good as US†6 He farther said that drones onslaughts merely target the activists and are non counterproductive. Further he said â€Å"We are contending a war in the FATA. we are contending a war against terrorist act. † US believes that drones onslaughts are successful in decreasing terrorists. and the civilian hazard is excessively small. US authorities most of the times garbages of any civilian deceases in drones onslaught. Avary Plaw. an associate professor of political scientific discipline at the University of Massachusetts. provinces â€Å"One point in favour of drone work stoppages is that they are weakening Al Qaeda. the Taliban and affiliated groups. and therefore protecting lives. American and other. Besides. there don’t seem to be better agencies of making so† . He goes on stating that civilian causalities can non be avoided. they must be minimized. This is what drones work stoppages do. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. DEP’T OF DEFENSE. 331 Joint PUBLICATION 1-02. DICTIONARY OF MILITARY AND ASSOCIATED TERMS ( 2010 ) ( amended July 15. 2012 ) . 2 Time Line of UAVs. PBS. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs. hypertext markup language ( last visited Aug. 8. 2012 ) . 3 See Mary Ellen O’Connell. Improper Killing with Combat Drones: A Case Study of Pakistan. 2004- 2009 3 ( Notre Dame Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-43. 2010 ) . 4 Eric Schmitt. Threats and Responses: The Battlefield: US Would Use Drones to Attack Targets. N. Y. TIMES ( Nov. 6. 2002 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/2002/11/06/world/threats-responses-battlefield-uswould- use-drones-attack-iraqi-targets. hypertext markup language? pagewanted=all A ; src=pm. 5 Anna Mulrine. Unmanned Drone Attacks and Shape-Shifting Robots: War’s Remote Control Future. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR ( Oct. 22. 2011 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. csmonitor. com/USA/Military/2011/1022/Unmanned-drone-attacks-and-shape-shiftingrobots- War-s-remote-control-future. 6. Leon Panetta. US Secretary of defense mechanism. interview to Indian channel on June 6. 2012 08:26 Drones onslaughts Effectss: The other side of image of drones onslaughts is wholly opposite and strongly against the ballad claims of US. One of the informant. a human-centered worker of US said. â€Å"I remember people shouting in the streets. † he says. â€Å"People were afraid about what might go on following. People didn’t know if there would be another onslaught. There was tenseness in the air. This is what it is like. † He’s depicting life today where regular U. S. drone work stoppages happen. â€Å"It is a uninterrupted tenseness. a feeling of uninterrupted edginess. We are scared. † he laments. â€Å"You wake up with a start to every noise. †7 Let the treatment be started with James Jefferey ‘s article. where he speaks as â€Å"On a computing machine screen in the unit’s central office I watched a edifice explode and heard it on the wireless that enemy fire had ceased. Shortly after. we were notified a tractor and auto had arrived at a nearby patrol base’s entryway. loaded with organic structure parts of seven Afghans killed by the work stoppage. Six were kids who had been in a adjacent edifice. The frontward air accountant had said the targeted edifice contained no civilians. I spent the remainder of the twenty-four hours roll uping a study about the incident - composing amid a mental fog of daze. sickness and disgust at what I was portion of. †8 The US functionaries ever claims that drones consequence merely the activists and the civilian casualties are in individual figure. this is misdirecting the universe about the devastation of drones. which largely kill guiltless people. Harmonizing to Stanford study drones merely aim 2 % of activists and the recent are guiltless people. largely kids. Further the policy of drone are counterproductive. harmonizing to the civilization of Pakistan and Afghanistan. all the household battle against those who kill any member of their household. That’s the ground self-destruction bombing took topographic point after 2004 in Pakistan when drones started killing people without any mistakes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Harmonizing to the same study the economic system of people in drones stricken countries ie Waziristan is collapsed badly. The fact is most of the people in FATA work locally. they have stores. vegetable tribunal. or sell things on unfastened land. The fright of drones in the country is huge most of the stores are either destroyed by drones or closed because of the fright. In most instances the gaining male of the households are killed in drones. it should be clear that FATA is like most of Pakistan and Afghanistan countries where merely male work for support and back up their households. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Conor Friedersdorf. ‘Every Person Is Afraid of the Drones’ : The Strikes’ Effect on Life in Pakistan. SEP 25 2012.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2012/09/every-person-is-afraid-of-the- drones-the-strikes-effect-on-life-in-pakistan/262814/ 8. James Jafferey. The Position From the Wreckage. Bublishesd SEPTEMBER 26. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/roomfordebate/2012/09/25/do-drone-attacks-do-more-harm-than-good/the-view-from-the-wreckage One of the member of FATA and effected of drones said that. â€Å"A drone struck my home†¦ I was at work at that clip. so there was cipher in my place and no 1 killed†¦ Nothing else was destroyed other than my house. † he explained. â€Å"I went back to see the place. but there was nil to make - I merely saw my place wrecked†¦ I was highly sad. because usually a house costs around 10 hundred thousand. or 1. 000. 000 rupees [ US $ 10. 593 ] . and I don’t even have 5. 000 rupees now [ US $ 53 ] . I spent my whole life in that house†¦ my male parent had lived at that place every bit good. There is a large difference between holding your ain place and life on rent or mortgage†¦ I belong to a hapless household and my place has been destroyed. †9 Because drones fly most of the clip upon them so largely people sit at place and those who go for work are a batch worried about their places. so the concern and the plants are about now finished. US claims that drones work stoppage merely the activists. possi bly they call kids as activists because in drones largely kids die. In 2006 a drones onslaught on a madrassa in Bajuar. a tribal country of Pakistan. resulted in 80 deceases in which 69 where kids aged 7 to 17. One of the drone affected individual interviewed he said â€Å"My three boies died in drone onslaught. they were 8. 5 and 3 old ages old. They studied at an Islamic spiritual school in our country. I merely have one boy now. I miss all my dead boies. but I miss the eldest the most because he would take attention of the household in my absence. †10 The large figure. in all studies. is of kids and adult females who are the portion of no terrorist groups but the most guiltless animal of God. The official figure of kids decease in drones attaks is 176. while the un official figure is greater that this. Children have stopped traveling to schools because of the fright of the decease of category chaps in drones. The instruction system has to the full collapsed in the part. consequently to the study of Stanford most of the parents have stopped their kids to travel toschool. The parents say that drones are ever fly around the part so if it sees our childs praying in school it will assail and kill them. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9. . Conor Friedersdorf. ‘Every Person Is Afraid of the Drones’ : The Strikes’ Effect on Life in Pakistan. SEP 25 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2012/09/every-person-is-afraid-of-the- 10. Mudasir Shah ( interview published ) US Drones Kill Innocent People in South Waziristan Saturday. 03 November 2012 08:15 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. asiacalling. kbr68h. com/en/news/pakistan/2963-us-drones-kill-innocent-people-in-south-waziristan One male parent. after seeing the organic structures of three dead kids in the debris of a work stoppage. decided to draw his ain kids out of school. â€Å"I stopped my childs from acquiring an instruction. † he admitted. â€Å"I told them we will be finished one twenty-four hours. the same as other people who were traveling to school and were killed in the drone onslaughts. † He stated that this is non uncommon: â€Å"I know a batch of people. misss and male childs. whose households have stopped them from acquiring instruction because of drone onslaughts. †11 while questioning people by Stanford squad on of the folk adult male Ismail Hussain uttered. â€Å"the kids are shouting and they don’t travel to school. They fear that their schools will be tragedy by the drones † ( P 89 of Stanford ) beside that drones have affected the metal quality of pupils and have drawn their attending from survey. Lashkar-e-Taibas quote Faheem Quereshi the exclusive subsister of drones onslaughts in Waziristan. Faheem was the most superb pupil in the category and remained topper before a drone came and fractured his skull and do him about blind. Faheem provinces. â€Å"Our heads have been diverted from analyzing. We can non larn things because we are ever in fright of the drones vibrating over us. and it truly scares the little childs who go to school. . . . At the clip the drone struck. I had to take tests. but I couldn’t take tests after that because it weakened my encephalon. I couldn’t learn things. and it affected me emotionally. My [ head ] was so severely affected. . . ( p. 90-91 of Stanford study ) † Most of the pupil have metal jobs and are in injury because of the on traveling regular fright of decease. It’s a incubus when drones are winging around above the houses. When kids sees drones they scream and run to houses. they are in fright all the clip holding in head drones can kill them in no clip. They physicians say that 95 % of people are psychologically disturbed. adult females. work forces and kids.

How to become a forklift operator

How to become a forklift operator These days, logistics careers are a growing hotspot. People with the skills and know-how to manage the inventory coming in and out of warehouses or bring that specialized skill set to a construction site are going to be in demand for the foreseeable future. Specifically, forklift operators, with their large equipment expertise, are in a great position for the future. With e-commerce companies like Amazon building more and more warehouses every day, these trained professionals help keep products moving efficiently on their trip from one place to another. What does a forklift operator do?Forklift operators use heavy machinery to move objects or materials. They are most often found in warehouses (or other storage settings), factories, and on construction sites. The direct work tasks are pretty straightforward- using the forklift to move object A to place B. However, forklift operators may also be responsible for:Maintaining forklifts and other mechanical equipmentHandling other cargo eq uipment, such as shrink wrap machines, lifts, and trailersUsing software related to inventory and supply chain managementThis is a job that also requires a lot of physical stamina and strength, as it may require heavy lifting and the ability to work on repetitive tasks for hours at a time. It’s also classified as a â€Å"hazardous occupation† by the Fair Labor Standards Act, which means that operators need to pay close attention to safety and situational awareness.What skills do forklift operators have?Forklift operators need to have a very specific skill set in order to be successful.Mechanical Skills:  Forklift operators work with heavy equipment and tractors all day, every day, so it’s important to be able to troubleshoot issues as they arise, or risk losing productivity.Manual Dexterity:  Because they’re moving heavy objects or loads, forklift operators need to be able to control both the vehicle and the materials they’re moving.What do you need to become a forklift operator?Because of the equipment involved and the potential hazards of handling heavy equipment and heavy loads, forklift operators need to be certified. Certification typically involves completing a training course from an accredited school or online program. Once the course is complete, you’ll need to pass a forklift-specific test, which is usually made up of a written component and a physical (driving) component.How much do forklift operators make?According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for certified forklift operators is $33,890, or $16.29 per hour. This can change depending on the skill level necessary to perform the job or the complexity of the work.What’s the outlook for forklift operators?Although the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts only slight growth for this field through 2024, there are increasing opportunities in cities and towns that are becoming transportation and shipping/logistics h ubs.If you’re thinking about a career in the warehouse/logistics world, and you don’t mind doing the (literal) heavy lifting, then getting certified as a forklift operator can be a great entry point. Good luck!

The Sentencing Phase in the United States Research Paper

The Sentencing Phase in the United States - Research Paper Example The research paper "The Sentencing Phase in the United States" deals on the sentencing phase of the criminal justice system and tries to discuss some of the more urgent issues regarding this crucial phase. The justice system forms the third leg of the triad in the handling of criminal cases, the other two being law enforcement system and the penal or corrections system. All three must work together for penal sanctions to be effective as a deterrent to the commission of crimes. The wheels of justice can indeed grind very slowly and sometimes it takes years for the victims to get vindication and justice for the harm done to them. In a sense, the concern to be so careful to avoid penalizing the innocent is the main cause of this slowness in the justice system. No criminal justice system is perfect. Be that as it may, it should not prevent society nor preclude the government from imposing justice for deviant behaviors. The idea is that the system must be geared towards fairness and equality; flaws in the system can be corrected over time and must not adversely affect the sense of trust by the people that the system is indeed fair. Lapses in the procedures, processes, and practices must not undermine the whole legal system. There are a lot of variables that can confound and confuse the litigants in many instances. A person can opt out of the criminal justice system through a plea bargain agreement that will lessen the sentence to be imposed and may subject the defendant to probation.

The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism Research Proposal

The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism - Research Proposal Example In what ways has the internet changed the hospitality industry? 2. What does a consumer find when they search for information regarding their travel needs? 3. What are the methods used for the hospitality industry to connect with consumers? 4. What methods used by the hospitality industry might be considered unethical when dealing with consumers searching the internet? 5. What disadvantages can be found for the consumer as they use the internet as a means to book their travel? 6. What are the advantages of the internet as a consumer looks to book travel? By using these questions to frame the inquiry, this research project will be able to focus on the internet as a source of advertising for the hospitality industry and the effect that it has had on consumer travel practices. 1.3 Theoretical Foundation The study that is being proposed is a quantitative study that is based upon a survey instrument. Quantitative study often begins by wanting to test a conceptual model of the question. Th eory allows for predictions on which phenomena will manifest (Polit and Beck 2008, p. 57). This study predicts that the outcome to the study will suggest that internet marketing is an important part of hospitality industry advertising and that consumers have changed their travel practices as a result. The following hypotheses will frame the inquiry that is intended for this paper: Hypothesis 1: The internet has changed the way in which the hospitality industry markets to consumers. Alternative Hypothesis 1: The internet has had no effect on the way in which the hospitality industry markets to consumers. Hypothesis 2: Internet advertising has changed the way in which consumers plan for holidays and travel.... This "The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism" essay describes the benefits which the Internet brought into the sphere of hospitality's advertisement. The hospitality industry, like most industries, has been impacted by the tools that the internet provides for advertising. Online capacities for the hospitality industry do not only include advertising, but the potential for transactions making travel a more accessible experience. Advertising is highly competitive on the internet with someone always coming up with new ways to attract the attention of an audience that is deluged with information all coming at them at once. The hospitality industry benefits from everything from data mining techniques to websites providing specific information. Without a web based presence it is unlikely that a hospitality industry entity would have success in this globalised and interconnected world. The research questions that have been defined for this study discuss the various stakeholders in the hospitality industry and the impact that the internet advertising potentials have had on travel. The first question asks about the changes that have been made in relationship to the hospitality industry through internet advertising and will be answered through statistical inquiry as well as anecdotal information on the topic. Secondary research will provide answers as to how the hospitality industry is currently using the internet for expanding their opportunities with consumers.

Abortion and the Medical Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abortion and the Medical Profession - Essay Example Perhaps no other issue stirs up heated debates and fierce emotions than that of abortion. It is one of the most contentious issues in society today. Medical and health care professionals are often put into a serious quandary regarding abortion and their professional practice in regards to their personal and religious beliefs. This issue of abortion clearly has ethical implications for people who want to avail of these surgical procedures and the ones performing them. Like any divisive issue, there are no easy answers to such a sticky emotional issue. In most cases, it all boils down to one’s deeply-held personal beliefs that will determine a stance the person has on a certain issue such as abortion. Before the landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court passed in the Roe vs. Wade decision, abortion was legal in a few states but illegal in most states of the country. Other countries do likewise have similar ambivalent laws regarding such a basic issue as human life and the right to life of an unborn child. The medical profession forbids the taking of life as contained in its Hippocratic Code. However, there are clearly certain instances in which abortion is justified (based on medical grounds) to be performed such as a threat to the life of the pregnant woman or the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest.

Plight of street children in India

Plight of street children in India Until 1993, the term street child was not present in the Official Vocabulary in India. Until 1993, the Indian government did not fulfill their duty by protecting the rights and freedom of children. Until 1993, India had failed to completely recognize and acknowledge their growing street children epidemic. Street children can be defined as both market and homeless children. All around the world, innocent children are stripped away from their sovereignties and placed on the cruel streets of their cities forcing them to create a living on their own. Both developed and developing countries, including Russia, Vietnam, Romania and Brazil, are negatively affected by the growing population of street children. Unfortunately, India is the home to the worlds largest population of street children eighteen million and counting. Throughout the last couple of years, India has achieved many accomplishments, including the rise of their economy and recognition around the world. However, neglecting th e street children epidemic is unjust and overshadows their economic boost. According to Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, it states that Parties recognize the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the childs physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development. Street children are denied of each one of these rights, instigating the fact that innocent children are not being supported and cared for by their families, friends and the government. Street children in India are deprived from proper protection due to the negligence of their family, the unstable economic situation in the country and the lack of focus on their health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are excluded from stable protection because children are neglected from the attention of their loved ones. When a child is born, he/she is entitled to be cherished, loved and sheltered. Children are extremely vulnerable and naÃÆ' ¯ve; they do not know how to differ from right and wrong. When a child is abandoned and left isolated on the streets, they are uneducated about why they are alone. Thousands of kids blame themselves for their desertion, even though they are not to blame. In India, many street children are sexually, physically and mentally abused by their parents, and living on the streets leads them to being further exploited to child labour and prostitution. One of the main reasons that street children are abused by their parents in India is due to gender discrimination. Over the past generations, boys are undoubtedly favoured than girls. Boys are considered an asset since they can carry on the family name, help with the fa rmland and can continue their education longer than females. Sixty percent of the labour force in India is based on agriculture, meaning that men are more suitable for this intricate occupation. On the other hand, girls are regarded as a liability because parents have to raise dowry in terms of getting their daughter married, girls cannot carry on the family name and a vast majority of females do not receive the same amount of education as males, since parents do not look at schooling as an obligation. In accordance to Article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Independence, it states: Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Pilfering education from a child handicaps them and is one of the worst forms of punishments in the world. Even though women have triumphed and broken down bigotry barriers over the last decades, favoritism is evident in several parts of the world. In India, the female/male ratio is 927/100 0, which is incredibly low in comparison to other countries. In some developing parts of India, girls may get aborted or killed at birth solely due to their gender.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a child is neglected from their loved ones, it creates long-term psychological problems. Maslows hierarchy of needs outlines the basic needs of an individual: self-actualization, esteem, love/belonging, safety and physiological. Street children in India are extremely far away from reaching the top of Maslows hierarchy, since homeless children are not introduced to proper health care, are not protected from the precarious people on the streets of India, are not accepted by their families thus leading to a low self-esteem. Street children are forced to face unwanted and awful obstacles at an extremely young age. Both girls and boys do not have a role model to follow, and try to survive day by day. Furthermore, when Charles Darwin introduced natural selection, in which he explained that individual organisms that are better adapted to their environments have a better chance of surviving; humans began to receive education, create reputations and establ ish families for themselves. In order to survive on the streets, children can go to extreme levels in order to have clothes and food. When parents neglect their own children, kids are negatively affected and conform to the other street children around them; monkey see, monkey do. With no one to tell them whats right and whats wrong, whos to stop them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are robbed from social security because they are not given the proper financial support that they deserve. Indias economic situation changes on a weekly basis. Similar to other developing countries, the prices of production and labour inflates and/or deflates regularly. Following the world-wide recession, India has dealt with the economic problem better than some developed countries, such as the United States of America. The developing economy in India is great for the government, but what about the people? Even though Indias monetary condition is reasonably settled, some rural and urban parts of the country are being faced with poverty and street children. 56.4% of Indias population is in debt and the unemployment rate in India is 9.1%. People are having a difficult time paying off their debts, since the competition in the workforce is increasing and not enough jobs are available for everyone. With an increasing population, there is an increased demand for needs. We, as humans, meet those needs by consuming more resources. Consuming more resources declines the availability of supplies, which negatively harms the environment. The environment destruction and declining resources leads to scarcity and poverty. Resource scarcity explains the fact that if there is not enough food, hunger arises. If there is not enough water, people become thirst. If jobs are scarce, the unemployment rate rises. If money is scarce, poverty augments. Street children do not have enough food, water and a source of income in order to survive in India. Due to the need for basic necessities, children are forced to work for their money. Some of the activities that street children participate in are collect/sell paper, clean cars, sell newspaper, work in small hotels, beg, steal, and tend to animals and domestic labour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a developing country, the government of India is unable to entirely support all 1, 166, 079, 217 citizens; however that is not a justification for everyone. If an individual decides to have a baby, that human being is entitled to take care of that child. In India, many children are introduced to poverty; the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. In certain circumstances, children from both middle and lower income families are forced to go onto the streets of their town in order to bring in more cash for the family. Are the parents being selfless or selfish? Parents who are telling their children to have no respect for themselves and bang on car doors simply to earn a rupee or two are utterly and shamefully selfish. Furthermore, families of lower caste systems are more prone to allowing their children to remain on the streets for days and nights. Caste systems are described as specific rankings that distingui sh a lower class family from a higher class family. This system is originated from the city and/or town that a family lives in, the last name of that family and the amount of land a family owns. In foreign countries, such as Canada and the United States, it is difficult to comprehend the caste system, yet in India the system is completely straight forward. Families from lower castes are prone to force their children, both males and females, to plead on the streets of India.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are stripped from their rights when children are not being taken care of when he/she is affected by a health issue. In both developed and developing countries, both men and women tend to avoid the topic of health care. India has the largest number of street children in the age group of eight to eighteen years; these children are exposed to a risky social environment daily. Being on the streets instigates diseases because street children live and work amidst trash, animals and open sewers. The risk of getting diseases increases dramatically since dozens of Indians are immigrating and emigrating, in order to visit their relatives and be introduced to new environments. A majority of street children are not vaccinated and protected from harmful diseases including H1N1, Diphtheria, Polio and Tetanus, significantly raising their possibilities of getting seriously ill and possibly facing death in the upcoming future.

Career Resilience Essay -- Employment Work Jobs Essays

Career Resilience Change in the workplace continues at a rapid pace, affecting careers and career development. Mergers, acquisitions, reengineering, and downsizing are influencing employment patterns and altering the career directions of many. No longer are individuals advised to think in terms of spending their entire careers in one organization. Rather, they are being led to recognize the temporary nature of all jobs and the need to prepare themselves for redefined career paths that require resilience and an ability to be self-reliant. This Digest defines the concept of career resilience, including the characteristics of individuals who are career resilient and the characteristics of organizations that support career resilience. Definition of Career Resilience Collard et al. (1996) present several definitions of career resilience. One of these is "the ability to adapt to changing circumstances, even when the circumstances are discouraging or disruptive" (p. 33). Another definition of career resilience is "the result or outcome of being career self-reliant" (p. 34). Although career self-reliance and career resilience have been used interchangeably, there is a slight difference in the focus of each term. Career self-reliance refers to individual career self-management taking responsibility for one's own career and growth while maintaining commitment to the organization's success; career resilience refers to individual career development developing the knowledge and skills required to make a visible and personally motivated contribution to the organization and its customers. The Need for Career Resilience The emphasis on the self-management and self-development of one's career is a reflection of the shift in the ... ...ouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education, 1996. (ED 396 191) Filipczak, B. "You're on Your Own." Training 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 29-36. Fox, D. "Career Insurance for Today's World." Training & Development 50, no. 3 (March 1996): 61-64. Hall, D. T. and Mirvis, P. H. "The New Career Contract: Devel-oping the Whole Person at Midlife and Beyond." Journal of Vocational Behavior 47, no. 3 (December 1995): 269-289. Hequet, M. "Flat and Happy?" Training 32, no. 4 (April 1995): 29-34. Kaye, B., and Farren, C. "Up Is Not the Only Way." Training & Development 50, no. 2 (February 1996): 48-53. Koonce, R. "Becoming Your Own Career Coach." Training & Development 49, no. 1 (January 1995): 18-25. Waterman, R. H., Jr.; Waterman, J. D.; and Collard, B. A. "Toward a Career-Resilient Workforce." Harvard Business Review 72, no. 4 (July-August 1994): 87-95.

Gender Roles and Fashion Essay

Most people feel that the qualities and characteristics we perceive as specific to gender are inherent by nature. In America, physical strength is stereotyped to be masculine, while emotional behavior is stereotyped as feminine. Any straying from these expectations is sufficient grounds for alienation. However, historian Howard Zinn has documented that gender roles are a part of a system constructed by the ruling class during the formation of our nation. The gender role structure in the US was designed in order to maintain a centralized, wealthy ruling class. In order to keep wealthy, white men in control of the economy, women have been constructed as inferior to men — physically, mentally and emotionally. In Judith Lorber’s article â€Å"Night to His Day†, Lorber explains that the definition of being a man or woman is comprised of more than apparent genetic information. â€Å"Gender† is a socially constructed status, which has the intention of â€Å"choosing people for the different tasks of society†(Lorber 55). Thus, ideas about how one should behave in order to fit into a gender category are learned, not intrinsic. As a society assigns people as â€Å"men† or â€Å"women†, this categorization denotes the accepted and preferred â€Å"personality characteristics, feelings, motivations, and ambitions† that create different classes and preferences for people (Lorber, 55). That is, the genderization system produces men and women who tend to have a â€Å"natural inclination† toward ideas, behaviors, and careers that help them assimilate to anticipated gender stereotypes. Parents, constantly in fear that people will not be able to dis tinguish the sex of their new baby, instinctually encourage dress, styles, and behavior that perpetuate the masculine and feminine labels from birth. The term â€Å"woman† itself was created by the masculine conception of what femininity should be. These criteria set up the dominant/subordinate relationship standard because women lacked the power to challenge the male point of view. Lorber suggests that â€Å"as a process, gender creates social differences that define ‘woman’ and ‘man'† through interactions and expectations of peers and family. As a stratification, gender ranks men’s work superior to women’s, regardless of skill or difficulty. As a social structure, gender organizes work habits both domestically and economically  (Lorber 60-1). For the average girl in American society, adapting to gender roles is taught in every single facet of life. The media, entertainment, and school cooperatively exhibit and promote gender assimilation. Barbieà ¤ dolls are the first toys I can recall playing with as a young girl. Her long blond hair, short skirts, disproportionately long legs, and spike heels set the precedent for how I would view true â€Å"femininity† throughout adolescence. By age six, my life became infiltrated by gender specific, â€Å"girly† activities. I: practiced ballet and avoided sports, painted fingernails, nearly always wore dresses with nylons, experimented with my mother’s make-up (rather unsuccessfully), joined Girl Scouts, grew out my hair to mid-back, and wished for everything to be pink or lavender. I was so excited and anxious for the day when the boys would†¦ finally†¦ notice†¦ me (sarcasm intended). Fashion trends and clothing styles, in particular, significantly aid the social construction of gender. The mere presence of a standard for the judgment of beauty automatically designates some group to be in control of the other. That is, individuals are constantly judging one another to make certain that they fit into the correct gender classification. Trendy, hip clothing are made for a very specific, minority group of women- narrow-hipped, small-breasted, tall, and skinny. The pressure to fit into these styles of clothes is unrelenting and produces insecurities and a poor body-image. These adolescent anxieties are not uncommon and can produce eating disorders, depression, and suicide. Joanne Finkelstein, in After a Fashion, explains that fashion can be seen as a device for confining women to an inferior social order. Throughout history women have been isolated from men by their fashion dues to society – women would risk spinal disorders from corsets, chronic foot pain and arch trauma from high-heels, and submit to a constant preoccupation of worry over men’s approval of clothing appropriateness. Fashions play such an integral role in how we judge one another – how much money we have, what music we listen to, how much education we have received – that any gender-bending fashions  exhibited by women are at best taboo, and at worst, unattractive to men (the alleged Ultimate Woman’s Worry). In many societies, gender is not considered a part of nature, but rather learned, acquired, or earned as a rite of passage. In some tribal communities, acquiring gender status represents maturity and responsibility. There is an unspoken agreement between American men and women that women will fashion their clothing and styles as part of a system that favors men. In part this system favors men simply by distinguishing a class apart from men, requiring someone to exist on the outside of an established social norm. John Lorber puts it best: â€Å"Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at† (Lorber 46). In a society where many women still do not recognize the inequalities of genderization, the pervasiveness of gender roles in America remains perpetuated and profound. Works Cited Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. New York: Viking Press, Reprint edition, January 1995 Finkelstein, Joanne. After A Fashion. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1996. Lorber, Judith. â€Å"Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender†. Paradoxes of Gender. New York: Yale University Press, 1994. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.